哈萨克英雄史诗中的骏马形象

本文通过《阿勒帕米斯》、《库布兰德》等英雄史诗主人公的坐骑,揭示了游牧民族的骏马情怀,展现了英雄史诗中的骏马形象。     

蒙古国的民族问题与民族政策

蒙古国的民族构成以蒙古族为主,占总人口的90％以上,蒙古族内的十几个部族虽然在方言、风俗习惯和服饰上有所差别,但能自由交流。哈萨克、乌梁海、图瓦、霍屯等突厥民族只占6％多一点。蒙古国民族问题的主要表现是哈萨克族的迁徙问题。在1991-1992年间就有4.1万人迁居到哈萨克斯坦国。迁徙的主要原因：一是蒙古国历届政府对民族理论和民族宗教政策的研究落实不得力;二是受国际大气候的影响,泛民族主义意识抬头。针对这种情况,蒙古国政府采取了协商解决一切问题的方针,及时出台了一些政策法规,收到了较好的成效。     

哈萨克族幼子继承制的遗存与变迁——以紫泥泉种羊场为例

文章通过田野调查，从人类学的角度描述哈萨克族幼子继承制的遗存及其变迁。生产生活方式，养儿防老的观念，遵循先民习俗是幼子继承制长期存在的原因。哈萨克族家庭成员很少为分配财产发生矛盾，这其中幼子继承制发挥了重要的作用，它还起到了平衡利益和老有所养的社会功能。     

Early language socialization and language shift: Kazakh as Baby Talk

This paper draws attention to the key role of a caregiver's bilingual language practices in the process of language shift. It argues that certain multilingual practices actually discourage children's multilingualism and devalue the language at the same time as they provide preverbal children with direct input. The analysis is based on data collected in Russophone urban families of ethnic Kazakhs. Drawing from work on registers and footing, the paper demonstrates that in these families the Kazakh language, while quantitatively prevailing in caregiver's speech, systematically co‐occurs with Baby Talk – a specific register directed to infants and toddlers in their preverbal stage. The metapragmatic typification of talking Kazakh to non‐agentive objects‐of‐minding, and talking Russian to autonomous social agents, suggests that language practices envision expert members of the local community as Russian speaking. This ideology sustains the ongoing language shift to Russian despite families’ aspiration to raise Kazakh‐Russian bilingual children.     

塔勒德镇汉、哈、维三族关系比较调查与试分析

塔勒德镇是新疆伊犁一个多民族聚居的乡镇,主要居民为哈萨克族、汉族、维吾尔族等民族。文章结合田野调查资料,通过对民族意识、文化整合、民族平等观及异族交友、通婚等四个变量进行分析,认为伊犁乡镇民族关系呈良性发展趋势。     

Systematization of Kazakh music in Mongolia: activities of theater and radio station during the Soviet era

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the systematization of Kazakh music in Mongolia during the Soviet era in Bayan-Ölgiy Province, focusing on the music collection and preservation activities led by a theater and radio station. Bayan-Ölgiy is located far from Ulaanbaatar; adjacent to Kazakhstan, Xinjiang (China), and Russia. Using three–years participation observation, this study identified three activities in promoting the systematization of Kazakh music in Mongolia: importing musical knowledge and technology from the Soviet Kazakh Republic (1950–1960s); establishing a radio station and audio archive following the Sino-Soviet split (1960s–1980s); collections of Kazakh music in Mongolia (1960s–1980s). These activities were driving forces for Kazakhs to claim their identity in the post-socialist period in Mongolia. Diener found that Kazakh culture in Mongolia was preserved thanks to the geographic isolation of Bayan-Ölgiy. However, this study clearly identifies international relations and Bayan-Ölgiy’s strategic location as drivers of systematization of Kazakh music in Mongolia.     

Inter-ethnic relations in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia 1

The article deals with the development of minority policies in Mongolia since independence from China, and focuses on the effects that these policies have had on inter-ethnic relations. The main groups studied are the Khalkha Mongols, the Kazakhs, the Tuvans and the Han Chinese. The definitions of these groups as either ündesten or yastan have also varied over time, which has created theoretically interesting complexities. The article contains a sociolinguistic study of the inter-ethnic relations, with particular emphasis on education, culture, media and publishing. Furthermore, the tendency of the Tuvans to identify ethnically with the Mongols rather than with the Kazakhs is analyzed from the point of view of a sub-minority–majority identification theory. In Inner Mongolia, the inter-ethnic relations are problematic, and there are also severe tensions between the Mongols of Inner Mongolia and those of Mongolia. These ethnic policies have also played an important role in the development of the inter-state relations between Mongolia and the People's Republic of China.     

Choosing to Stay: (Im)Mobility Decisions Amongst Mongolia’s Ethnic Kazakhs

One of the defining characteristics of globalization is the increased flow of migrants across international borders. Fluctuating migration flows in rural communities of the Global South have the potential to significantly contribute to or undermine the livelihoods of local residents. Households that choose not to migrate, that remain immobile, play a key role in sustaining rural communities. Migration studies in the Global South, however, have largely neglected these households. Utilizing questionnaire and life history interview data collected between 2006 and 2009, we examine immobility amongst the Kazakh ethnic minority population in rural Mongolia. Our findings challenge the dichotomous portrayal of immobile households as either ‘left behind’ or ‘embedded’ within their community, providing evidence that immobility decisions are both fluid and flexible and require more interrogation from scholars. Our findings help broaden the social and cultural context in which immobility studies are conducted and the characterization of immobility amongst non-migrant populations. More broadly, this study contributes to our understanding of the implications to livelihood sustainability in rural communities.     

变迁与调适：青海哈萨克族生产生活八十年

20世纪30年代,新疆阿勒泰等地区的一部分哈萨克族迁徙青海,为了生存他们备受艰辛,到了21世纪,他们的生产生活方式发生很大的变迁。青海哈萨克族在社会、经济、文化取得质的发展的同时,还存在很多问题,需要积极调适。     

哈萨克族口头文学的传承方式

哈萨克族说唱艺人是民间的,来自普通的游牧人家,深受生活环境和文化氛围的影响,形成具有游牧生活特色的传承方式。哈萨克族口头文学从最初的无意识的血缘传承方式发展到有意识的业缘等传承方式,形成了血缘、业缘、书面和巡回等颇具特色的传承方式。