论知识与知识性劳动

本文针对知识经济来临时代一些人对价值源泉的模糊认识,结合新的实际,在马克思主义经济学理论框架内对知识、知识性劳动进行了分析,在新的经济条件下发展了商品二因素理论和劳动二重性理论.在知识经济时代,人类劳动的主体形式从体力劳动转向智力劳动,知识成为当代经济发展的重要因素,但价值的源泉仍旧是人类劳动.本文通过区分知识和知识性劳动,澄清了模糊认识,阐明是知识性劳动创造了价值,而不是知识创造了价值.知识性劳动就是人们不断探索的劳动,从而知识经济的本质是创新,只有坚持劳动价值论,我们才能在知识经济社会中建立一个以人为本的、不断创新的经济运行机制.     

The econometrics of female labor supply and children

This is a survey of applied econometric research on the effects of children on female labor supply. Reasons for interest in the topic, and a basic model and terminology, are reviewed. Concerns are raised about the possible endogeneity of child status variables, and about the instrumental variables approach for dealing with this problem. Alternative ways of conceptualizing and estimating child status effects are considered, together with selected empirical evidence. Relevant developments from the household demand literature are summarized. Basic issues of model choice are also discussed.     

论WTO争议解决机制及我国入世后的对策

文章介绍了WTO争议解决机制的法律渊源和运作程序 ,分析了我国入世后最容易产生争议的领域 ,阐述了WTO争议解决机制在我国的运用和针对争议我们应采取的防范措施     

指数分析中多种方法的结合运用

指数分析法在经济分析的各个领域里已得到广泛的应用。但只用单一方法分析问题往往不够全面、深入。本文以工业劳动生产率的分析为例,从三个方面,多角度、多层次、比较系统地阐述了指数分析中独具特色的分析手法。     

论审理医疗纠纷案件对美国法庭“专家证人制度”的借鉴——由中美两个案例比较谈起

近阶段,医疗纠纷冲突凸显,大量的矛盾往往最终汇集到法院。而审理医疗纠纷案件时,法官面临诸多法律困境,尤其是科学证据的采纳问题。分析认为,借鉴美国"专家证人"制度,人民法院应设立"专家辅助人",可以较为有效地解决这些问题。     

税务信息管理权与保护权的冲突与平衡

实践中税务机关与纳税人在信息采集、保有及使用方面存在激烈冲突。究其原因在于公权力与私权利冲突具有必然性、税务信息的权利（力）边界不明且经济性日益凸显及税务机关信息管理的责任机制不健全。借鉴域外经验,中国税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的平衡之道在于限制公权力并进一步保障私权利,坚持税收法定、个人权利保护及狭义比例等原则。具体而言,需明确税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的范围,构建税务信息分层管理机制,严格化税务机关信息管理的程序,完善纳税人信息的争端解决机制与违法取用纳税人信息的责任机制并加强对税务机关信息管理权的监督,促进税务信息领域的公权力与私权利从冲突中走向平衡。     

行政诉讼履行法定职责实体判决论——以“尹荷玲案”为核心

“司法审查有限原则”是行政诉讼法的基本原则,这导致了“履行法定职责实体判决”存在争议。“尹荷玲案”不但证成了履行法定职责实体判决存在的正当性,而且明确了该判决适用的“双阶要件”,即“理由具备、事实清楚、法律规定明确”的一般要件,与“法效果唯一性”的特别要件。其中“法效果唯一性”分为两种情况:一是羁束行政行为,二是行政裁量收缩为零,这恰与《行政诉讼法》修改后“给付判决”与“履行判决”的规定相契合。纵观司法实践,重做判决、履行判决、给付判决形成了“程序性判决—提示性判决—履行法定职责实体判决”3种判决方式,体现了三者功能的相似性。作为实质化解争议的履行法定职责实体判决,也彰显了司法推动制度发展的功能。     

The Roles Played by the Staff and Workers’ Representative Congress in the Formation of Work Regulations

Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law lays down the right of the Staff and Workers’ Representative Congress (SWRC) to deliberate on the formulation of (intra-enterprise) work regulations, but this has become a “soft” law in judicial practice. The judicial criteria for judging the validity of work regulations are in essence determined by the judge’s judgment on their reasonableness. As an important embodiment of Chinese politics, economics and culture, the transformation of the SWRC that accompanied the market economy has not negated its value as an indigenous traditional resource. The SWRC does not just enjoy deliberative rights in the formation of regulations, as clearly specified in constitutional law, but also has rights under the law in local legislation and practice. Hence the system of work regulations is neither a unilateral decision on the part of management nor a contract, but rather an autonomous norm developed through the SWRC mechanism. Given the mandatory nature of Article 4 of the Labor Contract Law, regulations will only be valid after they have gone through a democratic process. The further development of the theory of normative system formation should endow the SWRC with greater rights and integrate it smoothly with the collective contract system to standardize collective labor relations.     

布莱尔对英国工党与工会关系的定位与调整论析

基于1980年代以来工党和保守党处理工会问题的经验教训以及工会的新变化,1994年出任工党领袖的布莱尔把对工会的定位由工党的劳工运动盟友转变为社会合作伙伴,对工会开始采取疏远和强硬的态度,尽力削弱附属工会在党内的权力。布莱尔对工党与工会关系的调整总体上是成功的,但也产生工党失去身份特征、核心选民减少等问题,对此要给予全面辩证地认识。     

高职院校学生顶岗实习中的人身伤害问题及法律保障

顶岗实习是学生在完成文化基础课、专业课以及校内专业实践课以后所进行的实践性教学环节。由于我国法律法规对顶岗实习学生合法权益尚未完善，导致顶岗实习学生在发生人身意外伤害事故时，维权非常困难。本文对顶岗实习的涵义、顶岗实习学生身份的界定和完善顶岗实习法律举措等几个方面的法律问题进行了探讨。