Planning Strategically or by the Book?—Contentious Land Use Planning in South-eastern Finland

The debate on strategic spatial planning highlights the limitations of statutory land use planning in weighing up future options for spatial development, particularly in instances of rapid change. This paper draws on this debate in order to analyse planning institutions and practices in Finland. The case in point is the south-eastern border region where interdependencies with Russia, particularly shopping tourism, have created pressures on land use and led to contentious planning processes between regional and central levels of government. It is argued that, in the absence of cross-border spatial co-ordination, there is a need to establish links between regional land use planning and visions of spatial scenarios in the national context.     

英汉思维方式对语言结构的影响

思维方式对语言的结构有哪些影响?本文从形合与意合在句法上与章法上的不同表现,论述了英汉两种语言在结构和表达方式上的不同,并通过实例归纳出一些具体做法,供同行进一步探讨。     

一种求解双目标线性规划的方法及其在上海市土地使用和交通方面的应用

本文介绍了一种求解双目标线性规划(SBLP)的方法.根据上海市土地使用与交通的现状建立了一个拟动态的模型(BOLT),并用该方法加以求解。根据得到的解对上海市土地使用与交通相互作用的情况进行了分析。     

Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

论林纾短篇小说的艺术创新及其缺陷

林纾短篇小说的艺术创新,一定程度上打破了清末停滞凝固的小说艺术模式,为当时的文坛注入了一股新鲜的血液.他是近代较早有意识地借鉴西方小说艺术的作家,大大拓宽了爱情小说的艺术领域.其独具特色的"技击小说"为后世的武侠小说提供了可贵的艺术经验.他的小说尽管存在着一些缺陷,但部分作品堪称文言小说的精品.     

耕地基准地价评估研究

通过分析不同级别耕地经济总产值与其相应质量指数、社会经济投入指数间的内在关系和建立数学模型 ,求得不同级别耕地可比经济产值 ,从而剔除耕地收益中有差别的社会劳动投入 ,并以此为基础采用收益还原法测算不同级别耕地基准地价 ,以杨凌区为例进行了实证分析     

试论美术教育中的美育问题——对先进文化在美术教育中重要性的认识

美术教育的目的是培养社会主义建设事业合格的接班人。在开展美术教育活动中必须把美育放在重要的位置。中国共产党是先进文化的代表,我们在实施美育的过程中,不但要培养青年学生热爱社会主义祖国、热爱劳动人民的情感,而且要牢牢把握中国共产党的指导思想,高举社会主义审美理想的旗帜,为国家、为人民培养思想性、时代性和艺术性兼容的美术专门人才。坚决反对把美术教育庸俗化,无论是美术教师还是青年学生都要牢记人民艺术为人民的宗旨,为繁荣社会主义精神文明做贡献。     

电影--一个存在主义的文本--科技进步与电影艺术的发展与终结

电影是现代科技进步的产物,且紧随科学技术的发展而发展.其本质并非固定不变的,而是变动不居的.本文除回顾历史上已经发生的电影技术革命(如声音技术、电视技术)引发的电影美学革命外,着重阐述电子计算机成像技术特别是数字化技术以及互联网技术所引发的、正在出现和已经出现的电影艺术的本体性变革,并指出由之而可能导致的电影艺术的终结.     

略论艺术的分类法

本文论述了中外艺术的多元分类法,对其进行科学、系统地对照比较,并结合中外艺术发展的现状和艺术教育的实际情况提出自己的见解,即艺术四大门类分类法是当今较为科学、较易接受、较能应用的艺术分类法.并在四大门类划分的基础上,对各门类中的艺术科目进行了重新整合和构建.     

论构成艺术的实质

本文阐述了具象与抽象在构成艺术中的把握和人为地把艺术规律图解化的倾向;构成艺术的具体运用与现代人审美上的后现代情结;构成艺术与图案、图形的关联。