Safety and Solidarity After the Boston Marathon Bombing: A Comparison of Three Diverse Boston Neighborhoods

This article investigates the effect of the Boston Marathon Bombing on city residents— how the tragic incident changed, or did not change, how Bostonians live in and feel about their community and neighborhoods. Unlike prior research that began weeks or months after a terrorist attack and used retrospective reports, this study spans the focal event. An address‐based sample of residents from three neighborhoods, distinct in racial and economic makeup was surveyed by mail using a three‐contact protocol. About two‐thirds of respondents answered a survey of neighborhood sentiments, and health and well‐being in the days before the bombing (N = 581) and slightly over a third answered the survey after the bombing (N = 313). Assessments of safety, city and neighborhood satisfaction and solidarity, mental health, and other key measures vary greatly between the three neighborhoods, which are diverse in racial and economic composition, but also vary in proximity to the bomb site. Net of neighborhood differences, the bombing had a strong negative effect on neighborhood cohesion and reduced use of public transit. Strong interactions are also found between timing of survey completion (pre and post bombing) and neighborhood for assessments of neighborhood solidarity.     

不同水平马拉松运动员全程速度变化特征研究

采用文献资料和数理统计方法,对参加第29届奥运会的男女马拉松运动员比赛全程中每个5 km段落的平均速度进行了统计与分析.结果表明:男子国际健将从第6个段落开始,速度出现较大幅度下降;女子国际健将、男女健将和男女一级5个组别均从第7个段落开始,速度出现较大幅度下降.男子国际健将、男女健将和男女一级这5个组别,均表现出前半程速度高于后半程速度的特征;女子国际健将则表现出后半程速度略高于前半程速度的特征.女子国际健将组,除第1个段落的速度较低,与全程平均速度差距较大外,其他各段落的速度均接近全程平均速度,速度曲线平稳,全程跑节奏稳定,体现出"匀速跑"的特征.