玛丽·雪莱国外研究述评

玛丽.雪莱是当前英美文化研究中的一个热点,而国内有关她的研究尚处于起步阶段。为此,系统梳理了国外对玛丽.雪莱的研究,以期给国内学界有关玛丽.雪莱的研究有所启发和借鉴。     

Trains,chains, blame,and elephant appeal: A case study of the public relations significance of Mary the Elephant

Using the media coverage of the hanging of Mary the Elephant, the purposes of this article are to discuss the major implications of the press agentry model of public relations, the impact of corporate decisions on the reputation of its surrounding community, and how the values related to societal issues such as animal cruelty change over time. Findings reveal that public pressure, intense police attention, and the counsel of a master press agent led the circus owner to make the decision to hang Mary and ultimately adulterate the reputation of the town of Erwin, Tennessee indefinitely.     

再现“失乐园”——浅析《弗兰肯斯坦》的故事构造

玛丽.雪莱《弗兰肯斯坦》中的故事内容构造呼应了弥尔顿著作《失乐园》中的情节框架结构,再现了"失乐园"中的故事情节。玛丽.雪莱在《弗兰肯斯坦》中两位主人公弗兰肯斯坦以及弗兰肯斯坦怪物的堕落故事恰好借用"失乐园"中亚当与撒旦中"堕落"的神话故事,同时作者也借用《失乐园》的故事表达方式阐述了她自己对人类社会的看法。     

越不过的童年藩篱——《野草在歌唱》中玛丽的人生悲剧

文章运用儿童心理学和性格哲学理论从玛丽童年生活这个细微角度切入,探讨其童年悲惨生活及父母教育方式和态度是导致玛丽人格分裂,酿成人生悲剧的诱因,并在其婚姻生活中发挥着催化变形的刺激作用,最终导致个人悲剧,旨在更新更全面地理解作品的主题,唤起现代家长或存在家庭危机的家长的深思.     

论玛丽·阿斯特尔的女权主义

阿斯特尔是英国乃至世界历史上最早的女权主义者之一,她对女性智慧、婚姻以及妇女教育的阐述,充分体现了妇女要求独立的要求,具有开创性的价值,深深影响并启发了后来的女权主义者。     

空间置换中的女性成长——析亨利·汉德尓·理查森三部曲中的第一部《幸福的澳大利亚》

澳洲著名女作家亨利·汉德尓·理查森的经典三部曲中的第一部《幸福的澳大利亚》从后现代空间理论的角度叙述了女主人公玛丽·麦昂尼的成长过程。玛丽·麦昂尼自我意识觉醒与她生活空间的拓展密不可分。她的每一次生活空间的变化扩展都对应着她自我意识的觉醒。     

一个勇敢新世界的重构——一个关注文本、读者与作者的新视角

近二十年来,不论在理论还是实践层面,作者的作用、文本的意义以及这两者同读者的关系一直备受欧美作家和批评家的关注,加拿大作家卡洛尔.希尔兹的小说《玛丽.斯旺》就是体现此类关注的典范之作。小说围绕女诗人玛丽.斯旺之死而展开,着重演绎了四个人物在诗人死后如何各自为营地以权威身份诠释和构建诗人的历史与作品。希尔兹在这部小说中阐释了作者、文本、读者在作品创作过程、作品诠释过程以及作品意义形成过程中的作用及关系。在希尔兹看来,作者将创作意图化为文本后离场,文本因此而获得相对独立但却使歧义诠释和多义诠释成为可能,读者则围绕缺场的作者和自主的文本重新构建新文本,这一系列过程最终造就了一个新世界。     

Constructing case vignettes for evaluating clinical judgment: An empirical model

Studies of clinical judgment are frequently based on analogue research, which uses experimenter-controlled stimuli to elicit judgments. The stimuli may be live models, audio- or video-taped models, or written case vignettes describing a clinical encounter. A major challenge of analogue research is to construct stimuli that maintain a balance between experimental rigor and clinical reality. An ideal set of case vignettes, for example, will contain summaries that resemble actual case histories and that are varied only on the specific clinical factors being studied. The model presented here demonstrates the empirical development of written case analogues in which several variables are studied simultaneously. The model can be adapted to any setting in which professionals are required to make judgments or decisions about individuals. The vignettes described here have been used in a variety of clinical settings to assess the reliability of clinicians'judgments and to aid in evaluation and program planning.     

Contemporary Psychoanalysis and Social Work Theory

This paper maintains that much in the contemporary postmodern and relational paradigms in psychoanalysis is a refinding of elements of clinical social work theory. To illustrate that, this paper elucidates the pivotal differences between contemporary psychoanalytic theory and classical ego psychological psychoanalytic theory. I describe my own experiences in training, first as a social worker, then as an ego psychological psychotherapist, and finally as a psychoanalyst to illustrate how I began to realize the homologous nature of clinical social work and contemporary psychoanalysis. The beginnings of social casework theory from Mary Richmond and Charlotte Towle are then described. Like Moliere's bourgeois gentleman who discovered he's been speaking prose for forty years without knowing it, perhaps social work theory has been cutting edge for eighty years without knowing it.     

呼吁生态平衡——《弗兰肯斯坦》的生态批评解读

文章从生态批评的角度来解读玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》,指出这部小说体现出了一种生态意识,即科学技术的大发展不仅带来了自然生态的失衡,更造成了社会生态和人类精神生态的失衡;不但扭曲了人与人之间正常关系,而且使个人本身的精神高度异化。作品中流露了作者对自然生态、社会生态及精神生态三者失去平衡的深刻忧虑及对三者达到平衡的强烈呼吁。