论唯物史观的三大基本特征

唯物史观具有三大基本特征, 即: 实践原则与主体性原则的内在一致, 它为唯物史观奠定了彻底的唯物主义理论基础; 历史发展过程的客体制约性与主体创造性的辩证统一, 它为唯物史观赋予了辩证的理论品格; 人的自由解放与历史进程的高度一致, 它使唯物史观获得了明确的价值指向。这三大基本特征有着内在的逻辑联系, 使唯物史观与其它一切历史观从根本上区别开来。     

“五四”精英与唯物史观在中国的传播和发展

唯物史观在中国的传播是由“五四”精英最早启动的，其中李大钊是先驱者，陈独秀影响力最大，李达是集大成者。随着中国共产党的成立及其革命的实践，“五四”精英在传播唯物观的同时也积极探索用唯物史观分析和指导中国的革命实践，取得了积极成果。“五四”精英传播和发展唯物史观给我们以深刻的启示，包括必须充分认识到唯物史观在指导中国革命建设中的重要地位、把传播与发展统一起来以及结合中国实际来传播和发展等。     

试论马克思恩格斯辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义思想对当代的价值与启示

在世界陷入新一轮金融危机的情况下,人们重新发现一个多世纪前的马克思主义以其真理性的理论准确地预测并指导着人们的实践,自苏东剧变后受到冷遇的马克思主义再次被世人正视。文章通过分析马克思恩格斯辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义思想,对当今国内外重大理论和现实问题进行分析,并提出这些思想给我们的启示。     

唯物史观与《资本论》的创作过程

《资本论》的创作过程是马克思从政治经济学的研究开始,经历了政治经济学研究对象和方法的确定、理论体系的构建,最后明确为写作《资本论》“四卷结构”的过程.马克思对政治经济学研究的过程,是马克思创立唯物史观并论证其科学性的过程.唯物史观的创立及运用,使马克思在对政治经济学理论体系的结构研究中,逐步明确了《资本论》的研究任务,《资本论》“四卷结构”的形成是政治经济学理论体系的结构整体拓展的重要方面.唯物史观的创立及运用,也使马克思在《资本论》的创作中,逐步明确了研究对象,并把对社会生产关系的分析放到了社会矛盾运动的整体中.     

坚持辩证唯物主义反对唯心主义

当代中国马克思主义哲学同形形色色唯心主义的斗争是在某些人公开否认马克思主义哲学的条件下,通过对意识形态阵地的占领与反占领、指导与反指导这样新的形式表现出来.譬如"物吾两忘论",否认主体与客体的对立统一关系,否认马克思主义哲学是认识世界和改造世界的认识论和方法论的知识体系;"三分说"否认理论联系实际的基本原则;"主宰和支配客观规律说"片面夸大人的主观能动作用;"当代中国哲学自觉走向人学论"企图用人学来取代马克思主义哲学在当代中国的指导地位.对于这样一些倾向和思潮,我们必须坚决予以批驳和反对,以巩固和捍卫马克思主义哲学阵地.     

FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE: AUSTRO-MARXISM AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The political theory and practice of Austro-Marxism provided an understanding of culture as an area of political conflict and as a class-based way of life. As a cultural and educational movement, Austro-Marxism defined the framework for transdisciplinary extramural cultural studies. An Austro-Marxist cluster defined by a number of scholars associated by political orientation and an alternative form of academic institutionalization emerged in interwar Vienna. This cluster disagreed with the paternalistic claim of leading representatives of the SDAP. Nevertheless, the SDAP defined the pluralistic framework for the formation of Austrian cultural studies. Socialist-oriented scholars such as Otto Neurath, Edgar Zilsel, Paul Lazarsfeld and Marie Jahoda developed a materialistic idea of culture focused on the social conditions of cultural practices. Furthermore, they provided a profound understanding of mass culture and popular culture.     

海德格尔的生存论境域和“新”唯物主义

面对海德格尔的生存论路径 ,一般唯物主义缺乏在世的“存在论领会”,后人对马克思哲学的存在论基础也存在误解。当唯心论把一切存在者“引回到主体或意识”时 ,却始终不对主体或意识的存在方式进行追问 ,这同唯物论把“存在”或“实在”与物质等同一样 ,在方法论上错失了其存在论基础 ;教科书式的马克思主义哲学的捍卫者和他的对手 ,按他们各自的方式 ,将马克思哲学读进了西方形而上学里面 ,而海德格尔的生存论路子似有可能与马克思主义进行一种创造性对话     

An integrated model of consumer materialism: Can economic socialization and maternal values predict materialistic attitudes in adolescents?

In this study, an integrated model of materialism was attempted. Based on questionnaire data from 246 adolescents, this study showed that materialism in adolescents is positively related to peer influence and is negatively related to satisfaction with one’s mother, religious service attendance, and economic socialization. Within a sample of 82 adolescents for which their mothers’ materialism scores were also available, maternal materialism correlated with adolescents’ materialism. With maternal materialism taken into account, adolescents’ materialism correlated with peer influence and religious service attendance, but economic socialization did not have an impact, although neuroticism did. Contrary to previous research, family structure was not related to adolescents’ materialism, although family environments were very important predictors of the adolescents’ materialism to the extent that their mother’s materialism level and their mother’s report of the family communication style alone could reliably predict her child’s level of materialism. Implications of the findings for the study of materialism are discussed, and ideas for future investigation are offered.     

Analysing partial ranks by using smoothed paired comparison methods: an investigation of value orientation in Europe

Summary. This paper introduces the paired comparison model as a suitable approach for the analysis of partially ranked data. For example, the Inglehart index, collected in international social surveys to examine shifts in post-materialistic values, generates such data on a set of attitude items. However, current analysis methods have failed to account for the complex shifts in individual item values, or to incorporate subject covariates. The paired comparison model is thus developed to allow for covariate subject effects at the individual level, and a reparameterization allows the inclusion of smooth non-linear effects of continuous covariates. The Inglehart index collected in the 1993 International Social Science Programme survey is analysed, and complex non-linear changes of item values with age, level of education and religion are identified. The model proposed provides a powerful tool for social scientists.     

Exploring the relationship between mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and children's materialist values

Data on 2218 British secondary school age children were used to explore the relationship between parenting and materialism. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis carried out to explore the role of parenting in children's materialism showed that although father involvement was unrelated to materialism, mother's involvement was negatively and inter-parental conflict was positively related to child's materialism. Emotional and behavioural problems and goal-directedness were both positively associated with materialism in adolescents. Compared to girls boys scored higher in materialism. Age and materialism were positively related. Peer support was more strongly associated with children's materialism when both fathers' and mothers' involvement were low rather than high. Neither child's sex nor family structure moderated the relationship between parents' involvement and children's materialistic attitudes.