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1.
AbstractThe economic mobility of individuals and households is of fundamental interest. While many measures of economic mobility exist, reliance on transition matrices remains pervasive due to simplicity and ease of interpretation. However, estimation of transition matrices is complicated by the well-acknowledged problem of measurement error in self-reported and even administrative data. Existing methods of addressing measurement error are complex, rely on numerous strong assumptions, and often require data from more than two periods. In this article, we investigate what can be learned about economic mobility as measured via transition matrices while formally accounting for measurement error in a reasonably transparent manner. To do so, we develop a nonparametric partial identification approach to bound transition probabilities under various assumptions on the measurement error and mobility processes. This approach is applied to panel data from the United States to explore short-run mobility before and after the Great Recession. 相似文献
2.
本文利用孔板及均速管的组合对空气-水两相流的流量及质量含气率进行了单、双参数测量研究,给出了两种元件的单参数公式及其双参数组合公式。对3种不同孔径的孔板、4组孔板及均速管间距以及两种型号的均速管进行了研究,获得了比较满意的结果。 相似文献
3.
人力资本股份化探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
赵雯 《同济大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,13(2):72-77,89
本文通过对人力资本及其确认、人力资本的价值与价值计量的研究,按“人力资本的价值取决于它所创造的超额利润(经济增加值)”的原则,设计人力资本价值计量模型,进而探索不同类型人力资本股份化的实现方式,并建议利用期权股份激励创新型人力资本所有者。 相似文献
4.
品牌资产及其测量中的概念解析 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
品牌资产(品牌权益)是近年来营销领域中研究的热点问题,然而对于其基本概念的曲解却阻碍了对这个重要问题的进一步研究。本文针对品牌资产涉及的几个概念(品牌资产、品牌权益、品牌价值)及其相互关系加以解释,并将主要的品牌资产的测量方法进行分类,目的是澄清人们对于品牌资产基本概念的模糊认识,为进一步深入研究指明方向。 相似文献
5.
Individuals with mental illnesses who experience homelessness have frequent interactions with the criminal justice system. Correctly measuring this involvement is essential to develop and evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs. Criminal justice involvement is typically assessed through administrative records or self-reported accounts. The aims of this study are to: 1) assess agreement between self-report and administrative data related to court appearances, and 2) identify individual characteristics that affect discrepancies between sources. Participants were 468 homeless persons with mental illness from the Montreal site of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial, in Canada. Self-reported data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Administrative data was collected through provincial and municipal court databases. Overall, agreement was good. Discrepancies were more common among those with a diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic features, and those with a criminal history. Increased age and interviewer’s perception of sincerity and interest increased likelihood of concordance. Generally, high agreement between self-report and administrative data suggests that either source can provide reliable information. Further work to understand predictors of discrepancies could further enhance the quality of data collected through these different sources. 相似文献
6.
This study summarizes the development and piloting of the Transitions from Foster Care Key Leader Survey (TFC-KLS), an instrument designed to measure change in systems serving young people transitioning from foster care to adulthood. The Jim Casey Youth Opportunity Initiative’s logic model was used as a basis for instrument development. The instrument was piloted with 119 key leaders in six communities. Seven of eight latent scales performed well in psychometric testing. The relationships among the 24 measures of system change were explored. A CFA testing overall model fit was satisfactory following slight modifications. Finally, a test of inter-rater reliability between two raters did not find reliable reporting of service availability in a supplemental portion of the survey. The findings were generally positive and supported the validity and utility of the instrument for measuring system change, following some adaptations. Implications for the field are discussed. 相似文献
7.
林锦秀 《广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,(4):104-108
以奥苏贝尔的学习动机理论为基础,以认知内驱力、自我提高内驱力和附属内驱力三个变量作为学习动机的测量指标,编制了中小学生学习动机问卷。问卷包括认知内驱力、自我提高内驱力、附属内驱力三个分量表。结果表明,该问卷具有良好的信度和效度。此问卷可以作为准确、客观地测量中小学生学习动机的有效工具,有助于我们全面了解中小学生的学习动... 相似文献
8.
Abstract This paper considers the various issues that frame the development and use of measures of the subjective work environment. It begins by questioning the role of the work environment in determining occupational health, and explores the possible mechanisms by which that environment might exert its influence. It concludes that one of the important final common pathways is psycho-physiological in nature, and is rooted in individual perception and cognition and the experience of stress. Important for this model are the concepts of mediation and moderation. The measurement of the subjective work environment has often been idiosyncratic to the study in hand, and there are few well-established measures in common use. It is argued that researchers should be careful when deciding not to use established measures and effectively ‘invent’ their own. In developing new measures, decisions have to be made concerning the nature of the measure along with its ‘granularity’ and complexity. It is also argued that it is important that researchers should follow good psychometric practice in the development of those measures. Suggestions for ‘good practice’ are discussed. Attention is drawn to the issues of reliability and validity, and this paper discusses the role of triangulation in the planning and execution of data collection and analysis. The paper ends by reviewing the recommendations made towards the development and use of measures of the subjective work environment. 相似文献
9.
Joshua N. Sampson Charles E. Matthews Laurence S. Freedman Raymond J. Carroll Victor Kipnis 《Journal of applied statistics》2016,43(9):1706-1721
Sedentary behavior has already been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Questionnaires are an affordable tool for measuring sedentary behavior in large epidemiological studies. Here, we introduce and evaluate two statistical methods for quantifying measurement error in questionnaires. Accurate estimates are needed for assessing questionnaire quality. The two methods would be applied to validation studies that measure a sedentary behavior by both questionnaire and accelerometer on multiple days. The first method fits a reduced model by assuming the accelerometer is without error, while the second method fits a more complete model that allows both measures to have error. Because accelerometers tend to be highly accurate, we show that ignoring the accelerometer's measurement error, can result in more accurate estimates of measurement error in some scenarios. In this article, we derive asymptotic approximations for the mean-squared error of the estimated parameters from both methods, evaluate their dependence on study design and behavior characteristics, and offer an R package so investigators can make an informed choice between the two methods. We demonstrate the difference between the two methods in a recent validation study comparing previous day recalls to an accelerometer-based ActivPal. 相似文献
10.
Giovanni Romeo Magne Thoresen 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(11):2031-2050
In many practical applications, high-dimensional regression analyses have to take into account measurement error in the covariates. It is thus necessary to extend regularization methods, that can handle the situation where the number of covariates p largely exceed the sample size n, to the case in which covariates are also mismeasured. A variety of methods are available in this context, but many of them rely on knowledge about the measurement error and the structure of its covariance matrix. In this paper, we set the goal to compare some of these methods, focusing on situations relevant for practical applications. In particular, we will evaluate these methods in setups in which the measurement error distribution and dependence structure are not known and have to be estimated from data. Our focus is on variable selection, and the evaluation is based on extensive simulations. 相似文献