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Orit Avishai 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(2):135-152
Drawing on interviews with twenty-five mostly white, educated, work-force experienced and class-privileged mothers, this paper
explores how these women construct the lactating body as a carefully managed site and breast-feeding as a project—a task to
be researched, planned, implemented, and assessed, with reliance on expert knowledge, professional advice, and consumption.
The framing of breast-feeding as a project contrasts with the emphases on pleasure, embodied subjectivity, relationality,
and empowerment that characterizes much of the recent breast-feeding literature across the humanities and social sciences.
I argue that the project frame sheds light on the amount of work and self-discipline involved in compliance with broader middle-class
mothering standards set in the consumerist, technological, medicalized, and professionalized contexts that shape parenting
in late capitalist America.
相似文献
Orit AvishaiEmail: |
2.
Yael Benyamini Maya Lila Molcho Uzi Dan Miri Gozlan Heidi Preis 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(5):424-430
Problem
Rates of medical interventions in childbirth have greatly increased in the Western world.Background
Women’s attitudes affect their birth choices.Aim
To assess women’s attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth and their associations with women’s background as well as their fear of birth and planned and unplanned modes of birth.Methods
This longitudinal observational study included 836 parous woman recruited at women’s health centres and natural birth communities in Israel. All women filled in questionnaires about attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth, fear of birth, and planned birth choices. Women at <28 weeks gestation when filling in the questionnaire were asked to fill in a second one at ~34 weeks. Phone follow-up was conducted ~6 weeks postpartum to assess actual mode of birth.Findings
Attitudes towards medicalization were more positive among younger and less educated women, those who emigrated from the former Soviet Union, and those with a more complicated obstetric background. Baseline attitudes did not differ by parity yet became less positive throughout pregnancy only for primiparae. More positive attitudes were related to greater fear of birth. The attitudes were significantly associated with planned birth choices and predicted emergency caesareans and instrumental births.Discussion
Women form attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth which may still be open to change during the first pregnancy. More favourable attitudes are related to more medical modes of birth, planned and unplanned.Conclusion
Understanding women’s views of childbirth medicalization may be key to understanding their choices and how they affect labour and birth. 相似文献3.
Heidi Preis Michal Eisner Rony Chen Yael Benyamini 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(1):e110-e117
Problem
Birth preferences, such as mode and place of birth and other birth options, have important individual and societal implications, yet few studies have investigated the mechanism which predicts a wide range of childbirth options simultaneously.Background
Basic beliefs about birth as a natural and as a medical process are both predictive factors for childbirth preferences. Studies investigating birth beliefs, preferences, and actual birth are rare.Aim
To test a predictive model of how these beliefs translate into birth preferences and into actual birth related-options.Methods
Longitudinal observational study including 342 first-time expectant mothers recruited at women’s health centres and natural birth communities in Israel. All women filled out questionnaires including basic birth beliefs and preferred birth options. Two months postpartum, they filled out a questionnaire including detailed questions regarding actual birth.Findings
Stronger beliefs about birth being natural were related to preferring a more natural place and mode of birth and preferring more natural birth-related options. Stronger beliefs about birth being medical were associated with opposite options. The preferences mediated the association between the birth beliefs and actual birth. The beliefs predicted the preferences better than they predicted actual birth.Discussion
Birth beliefs are pivotal in the decision-making process regarding preferred and actual birth options. In a medicalized obstetric system, where natural birth is something women need to actively seek out and insist on, the predictive powers of beliefs and of preferences decrease.Conclusion
Women’s beliefs should be recognized and birth preferences respected. 相似文献4.
Rebecca L. Utz 《Journal of Aging Studies》2011,25(2):143-154
In recent American history, the definition of menopause has shifted from a natural, developmental transition to an increasingly more medicalized perspective that emphasizes biological deficits of the aging female body. Using qualitative data from two generations of women, this essay explores how and why this redefinition has occurred and what effect it has had on women's attitudes toward health and aging. The physical experiences of menopause were remarkably similar across mother-daughter pairs; however, daughters (who represented a slice of the baby boom cohort) differed from their mothers in how they talked about menopause, how they defined and treated menopause, and how willingly they accepted or fought the changes associated with menopause. Major social institutions, including the media and pharmaceutical industry, have played a significant role in reshaping the cultural lens through which women experience issues of health, body, and aging. This essay emphasizes the baby boomers' desire to maintain control over their bodies and considers how this cohort of women, as a result, may experience late-life issues of body and health. 相似文献
5.
中国社会的青少年网络成瘾问题近年来引起多学科的共同关注。从社会学的视角来看,青少年网络成瘾问题最初是作为一种网络越轨行为和家庭社会控制问题得以出现。中国青少年网络成瘾医学化的进程,意味着网络成瘾的家庭社会控制演变为医学社会控制,网络成瘾问题逐渐从越轨行为问题转变为临床医学问题。在网络成瘾医学化过程中,网瘾青少年的家长发挥着引擎作用。家长的能动作用分别体现在网络越轨行为初始确认、网络越轨行为非正式医学化、网络越轨行为正式医学化三个递进阶段。在这一过程中,中国社会的家庭权力关系结构清晰再现,并决定着问题的走向。 相似文献
6.
Most of the sociological literature about “troubling” children and youth focuses on how the scientific authority of medical experts, with a discourse of sickness, has come to displace the moral authority of justice enforcement officials and their rhetoric of badness as arbiters of childhood pathology. Yet my experience working with high-risk children and youth during a post-MSW fellowship strongly suggests that discourses of badness have not supplanted discourses of sickness. Indeed, these discourses remain deeply intertwined with implications for the way we conceptualize troubling children and youth, for the treatment we prescribe, and for how children and youth understand themselves. Discussing two composite cases to illustrate how negotiations of badness and sickness unfold, I argue that shifts in attributions of badness and sickness follow predictable patterns generally occurring in response to: (1) changes in the context (whether the child is at home, school, or in a treatment setting); (2) changes in an actor's interests or role (parents may attribute troubling behaviors as badness at home but frame them as sickness with people outside the family); and/or (3) changes in external structures of time (e.g. the end of the school year or the end of a Medicaid authorization). In conclusion, I consider the implications of partial medicalization and these patterns of narrative negotiations for future research and practice. 相似文献
7.
《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2022,35(4):e328-e336
BackgroundEach year a small number of women decide to birth at home without midwifery and medical assistance despite the availability of maternity services in the country. This phenomenon is called freebirth and can be used as a lens to look into shortcomings of maternity care services.AimBy exploring women’s pathways to freebirth, this article aims to examine the larger context of maternity services in Poland and identify elements of care contributing to women’s decision to birth without midwifery and medical assistance.MethodsA qualitative methodology was used employing elements of ethnographic fieldwork, including digital ethnography. Semi-structured interviews with twelve women who freebirth, analysis of online support groups, secondary sources of information and elements of participant observation were used.FindingsWomen’s decisions to freebirth were born out of their previous negative experiences with maternity care. Persistent use of medical technology and lack of respect from maternity care providers played a major role in pushing women away from available Polish maternity services. While searching for a better environment for themselves and their babies for the subsequent births, women experienced a rigidity of both mainstream and homebirth services and patchy availability of the latter that contributed to their decisions to freebirth.ConclusionsFreebirth appears to be a consequence of inadequate maternity services both mainstream and homebirth rather than a preference. Women’s freebirth experiences can be used to improve maternity care in Poland and inform similar contexts globally. 相似文献
8.
Natalie Boero 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(1):41-60
In the last twenty years scientific, medical, and public health interest in obesity has skyrocketed. Increasingly the term
“epidemic” is being used in the media, medical journals, and public health policy literature to describe the current prevalence
of fatness in the U.S. Using social scientific literature on epidemics, social problems, and feminist theories of the body,
this paper traces the historical emergence of the “obesity epidemic” through an analysis of 751 articles on obesity published
in The New York Times between 1990 and 2001. Through the identification and analysis of three discursive pairings I argue that the “obesity epidemic”
is a part of a new breed of what I call “post-modern epidemics,” epidemics in which unevenly medicalized phenomena lacking
a clear pathological basis get cast in the language and moral panic of “traditional” epidemics. I show how this moral panic
together with the location of the problem within the individual precludes a more macro level approach to health and health
care delivery at a time when health care services are being dismantled or severely cut back.
相似文献
Natalie BoeroEmail: |
9.
桓晓虹 《郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版)》2014,(3):53-56
药名诗诞生于风骚传统,并受医学著作诗化的影响,是中国古代乐舞诗治疗功能延伸增殖的结果.它的发展、功用展示出中国古典文学创作强大的生命力和兼容力,伴随着人们对中医和文学关系认识的增进,药名诗作为雅正传统之一脉,应受到古代文学研究者的更多关注.对药名诗的理论批评和争论,是对古代诗歌理论和批评的有益启示和补充.药名、医理进入到诗论中,使诗论呈现出一定的医理化特征. 相似文献
10.
Chikako Takeshita 《Feminist Media Studies》2017,17(3):332-346
Feminist media studies scholars concur that representations of childbirth in popular media normalize medical domination of maternity care and women’s subordination to it. This article aims to fill the gap in the dearth of academic analysis of alternative representations of childbearing by examining the documentary film The Business of Being Born and the BBC TV drama series Call the Midwife. Although they are situated in disparate socio-historical contexts, both productions push against medicalization and present positive images of “natural” childbirth. Business systematically critiques medicalization of birth in the US and presents midwifery-assisted homebirth as the solution. Call counters the dogma of necessary medical attention during childbirth by showing how midwifery dominated during the mid-twentieth century in a London neighborhood. Call also portrays midwives and a physician collaboratively providing maternal care in an impoverished neighborhood. Reviewed together, Business and Call augment each other as the former reveals the contemporary struggles and solutions devised to de-medicalize birth and the latter serves as an example of how homebirths may be supported by medico–midwifery collaboration in an urban community. 相似文献
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