清初朝鲜表笺问题研究

表笺问题一方面是指由于撰述不当而引起的表笺格式、文辞等方面的问题,另一方面是指由此而引发的两国外交争端问题。清初与朝鲜在政治、经济、军事等方面的矛盾,是引发表笺问题的根本原因,表笺问题是两国间矛盾冲突的一种外在表现形式。     

Public Attitudes toward Partisan and Neutral Symbols in Post-Agreement Northern Ireland

Using original data from the Northern Ireland Life and Times survey, this article assesses public attitudes toward key issues of symbolism intimately connected with the Northern Ireland conflict and peace process. It uses public attitudes toward the symbolic expressions of Northern Ireland's politico-religious blocs as indicators of the extent of intercommunity tolerance in the delicate post-Belfast Agreement period. Survey questions on attitudes toward flags, including the idea of a new flag for Northern Ireland; loyalist and republican murals; and memorials to the dead of the conflict, including the idea of a memorial for all of the victims of the conflict, reveal that partisan attitudes toward communal symbols of identity and commemoration persist, despite macro-level political changes heralded by the 1998 peace accord. It is argued that the consociational design of the Belfast Agreement facilitates the perpetuation of the single-identity politics of Irish nationalism and Ulster unionism. In this context, public attachment to partisan symbols remains strong.     

Social change and nationalism in China's popular songs

ABSTRACT

The unveiling of memorials to those who fell in the First World War were highly solemn, dramatic and emotional events. Yet, while much attention has been given by historians to memorials and the purposes behind memorialisation, there has been less discussion of just how the feelings of the public were stimulated and provoked. Most accounts concentrate on the aesthetics and symbolism of the monuments themselves, and the speeches given by the officiating parties and individuals at unveilings. In doing so, however, they miss what was perhaps the most important emotional aspect of these ceremonies: music. This article argues that non-verbal sounds best expressed the raw emotions of the occasions and, in doing so, gave them their power and significance in establishing the mood of the moment and the public’s attachment to the memorials. Examining the major city memorials of Scotland as well as the National Memorial at Edinburgh Castle, it focuses on the significance of the bagpipes and Scotland’s most famous lament, ‘The Flowers of the Forest’, in providing the emotional high points of the ceremonies.     

康熙朝奏折和来华西方传教士

康熙朝满、汉文奏折中有关来华西方传教士的部分 ,是研究当时中西关系的重要史料。经过笔者清理 ,其中载录来华西方传教士已达一百余人 ,一些人的汉文名字还为他书所不载。另如教皇特使多罗离京时间、康熙帝致罗马教皇信函颁发时间等重要问题也都因奏折所载内容应然而解。除此之外 ,康熙朝奏折还从新的角度反映了当时在华西方传教士的具体活动内容和康熙帝积极招徕挟有专技的西方传教士来华献技的情形。同时 ,还详细显示了礼仪之争后康熙帝为争取教廷对中国立场的理解而三次遣使、四次致书及由允许传教到部分禁教再到全面禁教的全过程。这些表明 ,研究康熙时期西方传教士在华活动和清朝政府有关政策的转变 ,康熙朝满、汉文奏折有着极高的价值