Explaining the Sexuality Gap in Protest Participation

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between sexual orientations and the protest actions of adults in the United States. Drawing from General Social Survey data from 1996 to 2004, we found that lesbians, gays, and bisexuals were more than twice as likely to protest as heterosexuals. To account for this sexuality gap, we used Patrick Egan’s (2008) political distinctiveness theories to identify possible underlying causes of these protesting differences. After running several regressions, we found that sexuality and protesting relationships were moderated by issues of educational attainment, marital statuses, metropolitan residencies, political partisanships, governmental grievances, and gender role expectations.     

Why is the History of Heterosexuality Essential? Beliefs About the History of Sexuality and Their Relationship to Sexual Prejudice

Heterosexual people with more positive attitudes to lesbians and gay men generally believe that homosexuality is immutable, is not a discrete social category, and that homosexuality exists in all cultures and time periods. Equivalent beliefs about heterosexuality and beliefs about components of sexuality have been less often researched. 136 people with diverse sexualities described heterosexuality as more universal across history and culture than homosexuality (Study 1). 69 heterosexual-identified participants similarly believed that love, identity, behavior, and desire were more historically invariant aspects of heterosexuality than of homosexuality (Study 2). Less prejudiced participants thought all components of homosexuality—except for identity—were more historically invariant. Teasing apart beliefs about the history of components of heterosexuality and homosexuality suggests that there is no “essential” relationship between sexual prejudice and the tension between essentialist and constructivist views about the history of sexual identity.     

生成性思维视域中的基础教育教学范式转型

思维方式的变革是教学改革的必然要求.传统教育的许多弊病是与本质主义思维方式相联系的.以生成性思维的基本精神观照教学生活,从而进行课堂教学的范式转型是学校文化重建的重要体现.其主要方面是:由既定的外在目标到内在的生成性目标;由高控制的流程到建构生成的过程;由空洞的内容传递到回归儿童的生活世界;由以目标为中心的标准式评价到走向理解的生成性评价.为此教师应具有新的角色定位和教学意识.     

Redoing Gender: How Women in the Funeral Industry Use Essentialism for Equality

Although some research considers women's participation in traditionally male‐dominated jobs as an ‘undoing’ of the gender system, other scholars argue that women's participation in non‐traditional roles can actually maintain hegemonic masculinity. Because women have recently entered the funeral industry in unprecedented numbers, the profession offers a unique context to study how women negotiate a sense of belonging in male‐dominated fields. I draw on 22 interviews with women in the funeral industry to reveal how gender is done and undone in an occupational context. In what Hughey ( 2010 . Social Problems, 57, 653–679) refers to as a ‘paradox of participation’, I argue that women in the funeral industry redefine the image of the ideal funeral director by using gender essentialist logic, which originally acted as a barrier to their entry to the field, to justify their participation. By showing how gender essentialism and egalitarianism can constitute reinforcing logics instead of an opposing binary, this research contributes to the literature concerning women in non‐traditional roles.     

埃尔斯特的方法论个人主义评析

作为＂分析马克思主义＂流派重要代表之一的埃尔斯特,从质疑和批判的角度,引入方法论个人主义对马克思主义的基本概念和相关理论进行了重新分析和解释,以期实现其合理性。他的这一举措及由此引起的学术界的大探讨推进了对其方法论个人主义研究,对其他相关的研究领域也具有重要的借鉴价值。我们关注埃尔斯特的方法论个人主义及其影响的同时,不能忽视其局限性。     

中国哲学的未来:中国哲学、西方哲学、马克思主义哲学的交流与互动(下)

林安梧强调,本质主义引起了方法学上的谬误与错置,治中西哲学不能陷入"本质主义"的圈套。例如,不能说中国人没有自由意志,先秦儒家就很重视自由意志,只是后人把它磨损掉了。他倡导"后新儒学",提出"约定主义",主张通过"五证"的方法回到原典,使中国文化在学习民主科学中起调节作用。欧阳康认为,哲学的本性就是对话,但在中国哲学界,马克思主义哲学曾经处于独尊地位,对话一度困难。1978年以后,哲学界最大的进步是哲学本性的恢复,走上了对话之路,中国马克思主义哲学有了自己学术化的发展方向,并且与"西马"相比具有自己的优势,但是还应继续倡导一种平等开放的心态。邓晓芒认为,我们现在还谈不上反本质主义,本质主义实际上是理性精神,是一切对话的平台,中国历来缺少它。儒家的自由意志只是现象,其本质上并不尊重自由意志,只是把规定好了的东西(如天道等)让人去选择。这些问题离开本质主义都说不清。郭齐勇认为,哲学最重要的本性是宇宙论式的终极关怀,这是中西哲学沟通的平台。中国哲学中的天道是自由意志的前提,而西方基督教的上帝、康德的"头上的星空和心中的道德律"同样也是前提。除了理性之外,"智的直觉"更重要,它是生命和实践的学问,与马克思实践哲学也是相通的。     

Eco/Feminism on the Edge

In this commentary I extend and converse with Niamh Moore's account of ecofeminist politics at Clayoquot Sound during the 1993 peace camp. In agreeing with her argument that such activist moments are more complex than the charges of maternalism and essentialism that have been thrown at them, I support her genealogical approach to understanding the particular gender relations that unfolded during the protest. In addition, I suggest that an understanding of the wider gender politics of the region, in addition to further consideration of other ecofeminist problematiques, would extend and enrich such analyses of ecofeminist activisms.     

Why is the gender revolution uneven and stalled? Gender essentialism and men's movement into ‘women's work'

Men's limited movement into female occupations has been identified as a key barrier to future declines in occupational sex segregation and achieving greater gender equality. So why are men so reticent to enter jobs normatively regarded as female? Drawing from qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders in four female‐dominated occupations in Australia, this article documents the processes that influence men's employment in gender‐atypical jobs. Gender essentialism is central to many processes that generate and/or stall changes in men's representation in female‐dominated occupations. While gender essentialism's role in producing and reproducing occupation sex segregation is well known, its role in reducing occupational sex segregation is a critical process which has previously received limited attention. The article details gender essentialism's integrative function.     

农村地区家园合作问题及对策——基于人类发展文化本质论视角

家园合作是有效提高幼儿园教育质量的重要途径之一。目前农村地区家园合作存在缺乏实效,家长被动参与和本土教育资源发掘意识欠缺的问题。根据对农村地区家园合作问题的归因分析,结合人类发展的文化本质理论为我国农村地区家园合作的开展提供建议：置家园合作于农村的文化生态环境中;重视体验式家园活动在农村家园合作中的作用;发挥家园合作在中华民间文化传承中的作用。     

Race relations and racism in the LGBTQ community of Toronto: perceptions of gay and queer social service providers of color

This article explores race relations and racism within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community of Toronto, Ontario, from the perspective of seven gay/queer social service providers of color. Social constructions of race, race relations, and racism were placed at the centre of analysis. Employing interpretive phenomenological analysis, findings indicated that intergroup and broader systemic racism infiltrates the LGBTQ community, rendering invisible the lived experiences of many LGBTQ people of color. The study contributes to a growing body of research concerning our understanding of factors underpinning social discrimination in a contemporary Canadian LGBTQ context.