构筑知识的基础——胡塞尔、弗雷格方法论比较

现象学学派和分析哲学学派都是20世纪哲学界的显学。本文认为独特的方法论原则往往能使哲学家在哲学探索中独辟蹊径,现象学学派和分析哲学学派的成就与两派各自独特的方法论原则息息相关,因此,本文试图追寻哲学史发展的脉络,比较研究充当“领头羊”角色的两位哲学巨匠胡塞尔和弗雷格的方法论原则,以加深对现象学方法和分析哲学方法的理解,洞察二者思想的精微之处。     

埃尔斯特的方法论个人主义评析

作为＂分析马克思主义＂流派重要代表之一的埃尔斯特,从质疑和批判的角度,引入方法论个人主义对马克思主义的基本概念和相关理论进行了重新分析和解释,以期实现其合理性。他的这一举措及由此引起的学术界的大探讨推进了对其方法论个人主义研究,对其他相关的研究领域也具有重要的借鉴价值。我们关注埃尔斯特的方法论个人主义及其影响的同时,不能忽视其局限性。     

从形而上学到现象学：哲学为科学奠基

哲学为科学奠基是西方哲学的一个传统。自古希腊哲学以来,传统意义上的形而上学一直起着为科学奠基的作用。但是,随着本体论向认识论的转向,各门具体科学从形而上学的母体中脱离出来而导致哲学虚无化,心理主义逐渐成为各门具体科学的基础。反心理主义和心理主义的斗争在认识论领域内几乎始终相伴而行,康德就站在反心理主义的立场,试图重建形而上学。但是康德对心理主义的批判是不彻底的,心理主义发展的势头非但没有减弱,反而在近代达到了空前的繁荣。对心理主义批判的工作由胡塞尔完成,他论证逻辑学的基础不是心理主义,致力于构建一门纯粹逻辑学,重构了哲学对科学的奠基作用。     

胡塞尔现象学的理论开端

胡塞尔的现象学由于其独特的思维方式和思想多变性常常令人不易理解。对胡塞尔现象学的理论开端进行审视，是把握他的思想脉络的一个重要途径。本文从三个方面对胡塞尔现象学的开端进行了分析：第一，现象学的总体特征是思维的直观性，追求“面对实事本身”；第二，现象学的逻辑起点是反对自然主义和心理主义，坚持一种观念主义的立场；第三，意向性是现象学的理论出发点和基础概念，澄清意向性的三结构：自我、意向对象、意向活动，有助于深入理解整个胡塞尔现象学的内涵。     

Was Blumer a cognitivist? Assessing an ethnomethodological critique

A major target of criticism for ethnomethodology has been cognitivism. In its broadest sense this term refers to any account of human behaviour that treats psychological features of agents – including beliefs, attitudes, and interpretations – as factors explaining their behaviour. While much criticism of cognitivism has been directed at neuroscientists and philosophical materialists, the range of targets has been wider than this, even including sociologists such as Herbert Blumer and symbolic interactionists. In this article I outline this criticism of Blumer and assess it. My conclusion is that, despite some misreading, his work does fall into the broad category of cognitivism. However, I question the grounds for the ethnomethodological critique.     

留守儿童的“生活世界” ———以《爸爸妈妈, 你们知道吗?》为例

文章讨论了《爸爸妈妈,你们知道吗？——农村留守儿童书信集》一书在中国留守儿童质性研究中的学术位置,并以该《书信集》为中心,重构了留守儿童的生活世界,展示了《书信集》可能的学术价值。论文最后探讨了《书信集》可能遇到的方法论问题,尤其是其局限性。     

The return of the political in social work

This article is a follow-up to our article 'Revisiting social work as art' and in part a response to Karen Healy's reply [both published in IJSW 17(2)]. It is, however, also a significant extension of this material since it engages with more general concerns about the critical project that is intrinsic to social work. Social work is not just about self-foundation based on knowledge, values and skills formation, but also about self-assertion. Crucially, it is through this notion of self-assertion that social work can be best understood as an agent of change. This transformative aspect of social work is our central focus. We are not concerned with structural conditions of power and domination but with theorising what a transformative politics would look like for social work using the lens of the French political philosopher Alain Badiou as a conceptual medium for permitting the return of the political for social work.     

Applying the matching law as micro-foundation of social phenomena

Social phenomena are suggested to be explained by the matching law - an empirical regularity of individual behaviour. While a considerable amount of psychological research on this law exists, only a few sociological applications can be found. This paper points to the problems that come with its usage as micro-foundation of social behaviour and provides solutions. In particular, a model of melioration learning enables the derivation of social phenomena from the matching law. The proposed approach is illustrated by the application of the learning model to the volunteer's dilemma. In contrast to game-theoretical solutions, the matching law leads to more intuitive results in case of the asymmetric dilemma. The relationship between the matching law and utility maximisation is discussed by its integration into economic consumer theory.     

从反本质主义角度看逻辑哲学中心问题的消解

历史地审视逻辑哲学的两个主要流派——逻辑心理主义和形式主义,两者在19世纪末至20世纪末的人类思想史上都有重要意义,不仅激起很多重要的讨论,也孕育了无数崭新的理论和方法。详细梳理心理主义的理论历程,可以看到在现代哲学反本质主义的挑战之下,人类思想家寻找"确定性"——不论是恒常真还是稳定的心理状态——的努力逐渐被寻找仅具有局部解释力的理论以及对交往理性的强调所取代,这两个流派之间的争论必将变得无足轻重。     

Determining Uses and Gratifications for the Internet

Uses and gratifications (U&G) is a media use paradigm from mass communications research that guides the assessment of consumer motivations for media usage and access. It has been used previously in research and decision making related to the promotion of emerging radio and television media. Recent adaptations of U&G research to the Internet are incomplete and have not identified important new Internet‐specific gratifications. This paper empirically derives dimensions of consumer Internet use and usage gratifications among customers of a prominent Internet Service Provider (ISP). Results describe three key dimensions related to consumer use of the Internet, including process and content gratifications as previously found in studies of television, as well as an entirely new social gratification that is unique to Internet use. All three dimensions of gratification are relevant to managing the Internet as a commercial medium, and measures developed from the gratification profiles identified here can serve as trait‐valid scales in future Internet and e‐commerce research.