HL7标准在医疗仪器通讯中的应用

介绍通过编程实现以HL7标准的检验数据在检验仪器与临床检验信息系统(clinical labora-tory information system,CLIS)之间的数据格式转换,从而解决各种检验仪器的接口软件重用性问题,并保证数据交换的准确性.国内外检验仪器的生产厂家应尽快应用HL7标准,规范仪器通讯接口的数据通讯.     

西柏坡精神与中国特色社会主义

"新中国从这里走来"这句话,确立了西柏坡在中国革命和社会发展中的历史地位。邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛都与西柏坡革命圣地有着密切联系,从西柏坡向全党和全国人民发出了"牢记两个务必,建设有中国特色的社会主义"的伟大号召,宣示了西柏坡精神与建设中国特色社会主义这一当代中国社会发展的主题的紧密关系,揭示了西柏坡精神的深层精髓,提升了西柏坡精神在改革开放中建设中国特色社会主义所具有的当代价值和历史作用。胡锦涛总书记在中共十七大提出,完成党的伟大历史使命必须坚持"四个一定",是深刻而全面地体现出具有中国社会主义核心价值体系精髓的西柏坡精神,是对西柏坡精神和西柏坡革命传统的再现和丰富,从而表明在中共七届二中全会期间产生的西柏坡精神是建设中国特色社会主义的活水源头。     

Variance estimation based on blocked 3×2 cross-validation in high-dimensional linear regression

In high-dimensional linear regression, the dimension of variables is always greater than the sample size. In this situation, the traditional variance estimation technique based on ordinary least squares constantly exhibits a high bias even under sparsity assumption. One of the major reasons is the high spurious correlation between unobserved realized noise and several predictors. To alleviate this problem, a refitted cross-validation (RCV) method has been proposed in the literature. However, for a complicated model, the RCV exhibits a lower probability that the selected model includes the true model in case of finite samples. This phenomenon may easily result in a large bias of variance estimation. Thus, a model selection method based on the ranks of the frequency of occurrences in six votes from a blocked 3×2 cross-validation is proposed in this study. The proposed method has a considerably larger probability of including the true model in practice than the RCV method. The variance estimation obtained using the model selected by the proposed method also shows a lower bias and a smaller variance. Furthermore, theoretical analysis proves the asymptotic normality property of the proposed variance estimation.     

A two phases queueing system with Bernoulli vacation schedule under multiple vacation policy

This paper deals with a single server Poisson arrival queue with two phases of heterogeneous service along with a Bernoulli schedule vacation model, where after two successive phases service the server either goes for a vacation with probability p (0≤p≤1) or may continue to serve the next unit, if any, with probability q(=1−p). Further the concept of multiple vacation policy is also introduced here. We obtained the queue size distributions at a departure epoch and at a random epoch, Laplace Stieltjes Transform of the waiting time distribution and busy period distribution along with some mean performance measures. Finally we discuss some statistical inference related issues.     

The Transport System and Society’s Metabolism in the UK

This paper analyses the interrelation between the transport system and measures of resource consumption such as material and energy consumption over a 60-year period (1937–1997) in the UK. Non-motorized transport and time consumption for mobility are estimated in addition to conventional measures of transport. During the period analyzed, the UK population grew by 20% while transport of goods and persons increased more than threefold and material and energy consumption almost doubled. The transport intensity of domestic material input (DMI) doubled to 300 ton-kilometers (tkm) per ton of DMI while the transport intensity of domestic energy consumption (DEC) doubled to 20 tkm per gigajoule (GJ) of DEC. Thus, while the material and energy intensity of GDP declined significantly, a well-established trend in many advanced countries, the transport intensity of materials and energy consumption rose. These findings suggest a close link between transport, economic development, and long-term structural transformations. In the case of personal transport, a rebound effect was also observed: whereas the average speed of transport has greatly increased, the average number of hours per day devoted to personal transport has not declined.     

试析毛泽东社会主义目标模式的乌托邦情结

毛泽东社会主义目标模式中的乌托邦情结是导致毛泽东晚年错误的源头之一。本文试图通过对毛泽东社会主义目标模式中的乌托邦情结的历史演变以及形成的理论渊源、实践基础的分析 ,总结其经验教训 ,以求在新的历史条件之下 ,按照马克思主义所具有的与时俱进的理论品质 ,以科学的精神研究新情况 ,解决新问题 ,将中国特色的社会主义建设事业向前推进     

The Economic Efficiency of Sampling Size: The Case of Beef Trim

The economically optimal sample size in a food safety test balances the marginal costs and marginal benefits of increasing the sample size. We provide a method for selecting the sample size when testing beef trim for Escherichia coli O157:H7 that equates the averted costs of recalls and health damages from contaminated meats sold to consumers with the increased costs of testing while allowing for uncertainty about the underlying prevalence rates of contamination. Using simulations, we show that, in most cases, the optimal sample size is larger than the current sample size of 60 and, in some cases, it exceeds 120. Moreover, lots with a lower prevalence rate have a higher expected damage because contamination is more difficult to detect. Our simulations indicate that these lots have a higher optimal sampling rate.     

Sanctioning as a social norm: Expectations of non-strategic sanctioning in a public goods game experiment

Sanctioning increases cooperation in public goods games, but not indiscriminately under all conditions and in all societies, and the mechanisms by which sanctioning exercises its impact on behavior are yet to be studied in detail. We show experimentally that in the presence of sanctioning, our experimental subjects adjust their behavior in order to avoid being a free rider. They do this not only in the STANDARD sanctions treatment, where they directly experience any sanctions assigned to them, but also in our main treatment, the SECRET sanctions treatment, where no information on sanctions received is available until the end of the experiment. We observe no such free riding avoidance in the treatment without sanctioning. The mere knowledge that sanctions might be assigned increases cooperation among the members of our subject pool; subjects expect that non-strategic sanctioning occurs against the free riders. Moreover, these expectations are correct as we observe a similar pattern and extent of sanctioning in both treatments. We propose that sanctioning in itself is a social norm and may be culturally dependent, as suggested in the literature.