福柯的自我建构理论及其教育意义

在当前对福柯理论所进行的探讨中,我们对福柯的诸如权力/知识、话语等理论给予了很多的关注,却很少关注福柯的自我建构理论及其所具有的意义.因此,本文立足于福柯的自我建构理论,通过对自我建构所运用的技术,来指出自我建构理论的实质内涵,以及其深层次下权力/知识、话语的作用,以此来认识自我建构的理论所具有的教育内涵,它对教育所产生的影响,最后对这种理论进行简要的评价.     

试论"话语"一词的含义

“话语”一词在人文社会学科中有诸多不同的含义和用法。我们不能给“话语”下一　个属加种差的定义，然而我们可以从语用学的角度梳理“话语”一词的各种用法，并在福柯　知识考古学与权力系谱学的基础上对这个词作出概念性的说明。     

A toolbox for public relations: The oeuvre of Michel Foucault

In this article, we provide a brief introduction to the work of Michel Foucault. Our focus is on the major themes of Foucault's work: discourse, power/knowledge and subjectivity. We demonstrate the rich contribution that Foucauldian theory can make to public relations practice and scholarship by moving beyond a focus on excellence towards an understanding of public relations as a discourse practice with power effects.     

Policing native pleasures: a colonial history

The moral modality of colonial power is still with us when it comes to the recreation of sexual norms of traditional or feudal society. We can examine the emergent properties of colonial knowledge anew by exploring how the colonial regime's strategic attention of regulating brothels in India differed from the analytic of power Foucault described for sexuality in European society. It turns out that amongst other things, public anxieties about the failure of adaptation by South Asians are incapable of leaving sexuality aside as a key interpretive device for their culture. The British preoccupation with reproducing the dynamics of the bourgeois matrimonial market on foreign soil in the mid‐nineteenth century similarly necessitated a sociological pretext for racial purity. However, the kind of knowledge a typical traveller and employee of the East India Company brought to the Victorian public from his own researches in the brothels and streets of colonial India, which revealed how popular prostitution was as a vice amongst the officer class, was also more than a welcome imaginary relief from Christian morality; it was an alternative vision of modernity.     

No place to go? Management of non-human animal overflows in Australia

I discuss overflows of several introduced vertebrate species in Australia and critically explore their construction as national pests – overflows - appropriate for management by lethal control. I outline the thanato-politics and thanato-economics of managing selected non-human animals by toxic baiting and/or viral infection in ecologies of toxicity and the trophic cascades which may ensue. Drawing on Foucault and Deleuze, I explore creative potentialities for conservation managers of thinking in terms of milieu and environnementalité; exploration of the conditions of possibility for non-human animals to live in their milieus, considering relationalities with elements such as habitat fragmentation, fire regimes, pesticide use and so on. This could form a biopolitics which relocates biopower to within the subject rather than a thanato-politics of overflow, surplus and death.     

启蒙与理性——读《启蒙运动与现代性——18世纪与20世纪的对话》

启蒙运动又称“理性时代”.“理性”是启蒙运动三个核心概念之一,它不仅与启蒙运动如影随形,也与启蒙运动本身一样具有多重内涵.在一定意义上,对理性的认识与反思也就是对启蒙的认识与反思.《启蒙运动与现代性——18世纪与20世纪的对话》中所录康德《对这个问题的一个回答：什么是启蒙？》一文,以及康德的反对者哈曼的有关论文和福柯关于启蒙与理性问题的探讨会帮助人们了解西方学界对“启蒙”与“理性”的认知.     

规训教育与身份改写——福柯理论视角下的《简·爱》解读

福柯认为,现代学校是一个规训机构,通过组织教育活动进行规训教育。教育领域中权力的运作旨在使学生重塑伦理主体,成为合格的社会成员。在简·爱所就读的罗沃德寄宿学校,所有的学生都生活在严格的规训之下。维多利亚社会规范了女性接受教育的内容,简·爱在寄宿学校获取的知识,保证了她在维多利亚社会找到一份家庭教师的工作。知识使简·爱实现了身份的改写,从而使她在经济上得以自立;工作赋予了个体做人的尊严,维多利亚人对待工作总是充满了宗教的热情。     

权力的眼睛——论福柯对权力的分析

权力问题是贯穿福柯思想的核心问题。传统权力理论未能正确理解权力关系与支配关系,导致将权力视为占有之物,将权力分析局限在政治与法律系统内,习惯从宏大性、否定性、压抑性上来理解权力,特别是传统权力理论始终未能将权力从行为关系扩展到整个社会的复杂关系网络,未能将权力看作是活生生的多种"力量"的竞争消长过程。福柯通过一种"微观物理学"的权力机制拆散、肢解、分割、打碎、解构和冲毁了传统权力理论,揭下了权力神秘的面纱,让我们得以窥视权力真实的面孔。在福柯那里,权力是什么不重要,重要的是权力如何实施和运作;权力关系是一张复杂的、多元的力量关系图,是动态、循环的技术与策略。权力无处不在,不是因为它有特权能把每件事强置在它那无敌的统整之下,而是因为它无时无刻,在每一点上以及点与点之间的每一个关系上被生产出来。     

‘Having to say everyday … I’m not black enough … I’m not white enough’. Discourses of Aboriginality in the Australian education context

This paper interrogates discourses of Aboriginality about, and by, early career Aboriginal teachers as they negotiate their emergent professional identity in specific Australian school contexts. These discourses position the respondents via their ethnic and cultural background and intersect with self-positioning. This relates to the desire to be positioned as teacher rather than (only) as an ‘Aboriginal’ teacher. Consequently, the over-determination of Aboriginality includes such suppositions as the ‘think-look-do’ Aboriginality with a ‘natural’ connection to community, the ‘good’ Aboriginal teacher who fixes Aboriginal ‘problems’, the Aboriginal teacher as ‘Other’, and [the notion that] ‘Aboriginal work’ as easy, not real work and peripheral to core business. Through qualitative methodology, eleven Aboriginal teachers from the University of Sydney were interviewed. They were able to construct stories of early career teaching and the data was analysed to explore how the participants interpreted, accepted and/or resisted various discourses in their efforts to be agentic and resilient and to make a difference for the Aboriginal students they teach.     

Governmentality within Children's Technological Play: Findings from a Critical Discourse Analysis

In many countries today, digital technology and instant communication are embedded in children's everyday lives to the extent that their play frequently incorporates smartphones, the Internet and other technologies. In this paper, we explore the recent historical conditions within the New Zealand context that have increased the accessibility of these technologies and imbued them with particular meanings. We suggest that from a Foucauldian perspective, these technologies can be seen as a form of subtle disciplinary power using techniques of governmentality through which children's ways of thinking are shaped to benefit societal requirements of the current historical era.