从实例中分析日语程度副词的用法

现有的语法著作及教材在谈到程度副词的语法功能时,都笼统地指出日语程度副词可修饰动词、形容词（形容动词）以及一部分名词和副词。但实际上可受程度副词修饰的动词、形容词（形容动词）、名词、副词是受一定限制的。本文通过分析日本近代小说中的具体用例,对程度副词的用法进行分类阐述,分析了可受程度副词修饰的词类的特点。     

Variable selection in partially linear additive models for modal regression

Based on B-spline basis functions and smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty, we present a new estimation and variable selection procedure based on modal regression for partially linear additive models. The outstanding merit of the new method is that it is robust against outliers or heavy-tail error distributions and performs no worse than the least-square-based estimation for normal error case. The main difference is that the standard quadratic loss is replaced by a kernel function depending on a bandwidth that can be automatically selected based on the observed data. With appropriate selection of the regularization parameters, the new method possesses the consistency in variable selection and oracle property in estimation. Finally, both simulation study and real data analysis are performed to examine the performance of our approach.     

小议《风流歌》中的语气词和叹词

作者从语音学、读诵学、语用学、修辞学的角度,对《风流歌》中的语气词"呀"和"呵"及叹词"呵"的运用进行探讨, 目的在于强调诗歌的用词规范和语用意识,以提高读诵的音准率和作品的审美效果。     

语气词在命令式句子中的修辞色彩

语气词在俄语中占极小的比例 ,不为人所重视 ,但在日常口语中使用却极为广泛。构形语气词、情态语气词、否定语气词及命令式加语气词所发生转义 ,说明这些语气词在命令式句中具有修辞特点     

Estimating functions in the Bayesian paradigm

Received: August 3, 1998; revised version: June 9, 1999     

四川彭州方言副词研究

本文对彭州方言副词的类型和用法进行描述,并将之与普通话的副词进行对比研究,从而见出彭州方言副词类型丰富、表义细腻的特点。     

《全宋词》四川词人作品中的推理转折句

转折句式的研究在我国由来已久,不过前人的研究往往仅从语义上入手,较为笼统,本文以相关语用学知识为指导,考察了《全宋词》四川词人作品中的推理转折句,分析了此类转折句的构成、分类、及语用特点,我们发现这类句式与语境有着极为密切的联系,在分析时必须借助具体的语言环境。     

Robust estimation for partially linear single-index model

In this article, we investigate a new estimation approach for the partially linear single-index model based on modal regression method, where the non parametric function is estimated by penalized spline method. Moreover, we develop an expection maximum (EM)-type algorithm and establish the large sample properties of the proposed estimation method. A distinguishing characteristic of the newly proposed estimation is robust against outliers through introducing an additional tuning parameter which can be automatically selected using the observed data. Simulation studies and real data example are used to evaluate the finite-sample performance, and the results show that the newly proposed method works very well.     

Robust estimation and variable selection for varying-coefficient single-index models based on modal regression

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a new efficient and robust penalized estimating procedure for varying-coefficient single-index models based on modal regression and basis function approximations. The proposed procedure simultaneously solves two types of problems: separation of varying and constant effects and selection of variables with non zero coefficients for both non parametric and index components using three smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalties. With appropriate selection of the tuning parameters, the new method possesses the consistency in variable selection and the separation of varying and constant coefficients. In addition, the estimators of varying coefficients possess the optimal convergence rate and the estimators of constant coefficients and index parameters have the oracle property. Finally, we investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed method through a simulation study and real data analysis.     

普兰汀格的模态实在论和模态逻辑

模态实在论者普兰汀格主张按照可能世界分析模态算子。依据普兰汀格的理论,P是可能的当且仅当存在着一个可能世界,在该世界中P为真。但是与刘易斯的模态实在论不同,普兰汀格的可能世界是由抽象实体,更具体地说,是由一些极其复杂的性质构成的。普兰汀格的模态实在论在他的模态形而上学中扮演着关键性的角色。文章简要地讨论普兰汀格的模态实在论和模态逻辑,并提供了拒绝他的模态形而上学的理由。