Multiproduct,Multicriteria Model for Supplier Selection with Product Life‐Cycle Considerations

In industrial purchasing contexts firms often procure a set of products from the same suppliers to benefit from economies of scale and scope. These products are often at different stages of their respective product life cycles (PLCs). Firms consider multiple criteria in purchasing such products, and the relative importance of these criteria varies depending on the PLC stage of a given product. Therefore, a firm should select suppliers and choose sourcing arrangements such that product requirements across multiple criteria are satisfied over time. The extant models in sourcing literature for evaluating and selecting suppliers for a portfolio of products have not considered this important and practical issue faced by firms. This article proposes a mathematical model that effectively addresses this issue and contributes to the sourcing literature by demonstrating an approach for optimally selecting suppliers and supplier bids given the relative importance of multiple criteria across multiple products over their PLC. The application of the model on a hypothetical data set illustrates the strategic and tactical significance of such considerations.     

多维视域下的喀什：从研究视野及诸研究问题说起

位于中国最西部的喀什具有悠久的城市历史、伊斯兰历史、多宗教交流史、多文化融通史,这就使得喀什文化成为民族特色鲜明同时兼容多种他者文化元素的典范.与此同时,在喀什城市发展史上,体现出鲜明的文化改造、创新的变动过程.这些决定了对喀什城市的研究必须要有开放的视野和充分语境化的意识,要对现今有关研究存在的诸问题有清晰的认识.     

Behavior in Multi‐Unit Demand Auctions: Experiments with Uniform Price and Dynamic Vickrey Auctions

We experimentally investigate the sensitivity of bidders demanding multiple units of a homogeneous commodity to the demand reduction incentives inherent in uniform price auctions. There is substantial demand reduction in both sealed bid and ascending price clock auctions with feedback regarding rivals' drop‐out prices. Although both auctions have the same normal form representation, bidding is much closer to equilibrium in the ascending price auctions. We explore the behavioral process underlying these differences along with dynamic Vickrey auctions designed to eliminate the inefficiencies resulting from demand reduction in the uniform price auctions.     

中国各地区经济发展水平的实证分析

利用1995-2006年数据,采用时序多指标综合评价法,对中国各地区经济发展水平进行评价研究。结论表明：虽然中国1995-2006年经济增长迅速,但是经济发展水平并未得到显著提高;各地区经济发展不均衡,地域差距较大且有逐年扩大的倾向。     

Semi-Markov Disability Insurance Models

In this article, we present a stochastic model for disability insurance contracts. The model is based on a discrete time non homogeneous semi-Markov process (DTNHSMP) to which the backward recurrence time process is introduced. This permits a more exhaustive study of disability evolution and a more efficient approach to the duration problem. The use of semi-Markov reward processes facilitates the possibility of deriving equations of the prospective and retrospective mathematical reserves. The model is applied to a sample of contracts drawn at random from a mutual insurance company.     

多元文化背景下的教育公平问题

我国是一个拥有 5 6个民族 ,其中 5 5个为少数民族的多民族国家。民族自治区域占全国 6 4 % ,人口超过 1亿 ,操 80多种语言 ,用 39种文字。由于汉族人口占绝大多数 ,且分布广 ,其生产与经营活动范围大 ,所以 ,汉语自然成为各民族的族际语。随着各民族的频繁交流和相互依赖 ,大部分少数民族地区已经形成了“民汉兼通”的双语社会形式 ,也因此建立了以实施双语教育为主的学校教育体系。少数民族地区的学校教育体系是整个国家学校教育体系的一个组成部分 ,虽然教师可以用不同的语言教学生 ,但是教授的内容、评价的标准、选拔的形式 ,即课程和考试的标准却是统一的。从各个地区的中考和高考的情况看 ,少数民族学生被淘汰的比例远远高于汉族学生。许多研究也证明 ,大多数少数民族学生在小学和中学的学习有困难 ,甚至跟不上学习进度 ,辍学率较高。许多专家经过研究后归纳出了多种原因 :或是智商问题 ;或是人口素质问题 ;或是经验与文化上的冲突 ;或是对学校教育的不适应 ;或是经济贫困等原因。这些原因都有一定道理 ,但有一个根本的问题 ,即应当从教育公平方面探讨少数民族学生的教育问题     

四种现代组织结构模式的心理效应问题浅析

组织结构模式是指社会组织的组织结构的典型形式。现代组织结构模式主要有事业部式、矩阵式、多维立体式和自由式等四种。组织结构模式的心理效应 ,是指各种组织结构模式对社会组织中不同层次的管理者以及普通组织成员的心理活动所具有的积极或消极的影响作用。不同的组织结构模式具有不同的心理效应。本文对四种组织结构模式的心理效应问题作了分析。     

On Academic Rankings,Unacceptable Methods,and the Social Obligations of Business Schools

Inspired by recent discussions of the systematic costs that external rankings impose on academic institutions, and the undeniable shifts in the landscape of institutional data, a concerted and pragmatic re‐evaluation of ranking efforts has begun. In this study, multiple administrators and researchers representing both public and private institutions across the United States weigh in on these issues. While reaffirming the social contract we hold with society, we argue that the fundamental methodological shortcomings of existing rankings, and ultimately any ordinal ranking system, limit the value of current rankings. These shortcomings emerge from the conceptualization and the architecture of comparisons, and are evident in survey designs, data collection methods, and data aggregation procedures. Our discussion continues by outlining the minimal requirements that a socially responsible, transparent, flexible, and highly representative rating (vs. ranking) approach should employ. Ultimately, we call on academic institutions and organizing bodies to take a collective stand against existing rankings and to embrace the strategic use of multidimensional alternatives that faithfully serve prospective students, parents, and other key stakeholders. We conclude with a number of suggestions and opportunities for practice‐oriented research in the decision sciences aimed to support this fundamental shift in evaluative framing.     

学理境界与价值体认的双重突破——评刘起林《胜景与歧途——跨世纪文学的多维审视》

《胜景与歧途——跨世纪文学的多维审视》突破学术界既有框架和思路,从文学现实本身的特征与规律出发审视二十世纪最后十年到新世纪前十年的文学,用跨世纪文学的概念来命名这一具有内在统一性和生长性的文学历史进程。从民族精神文化多元而健全地发展的高度,选择和探索文学创作的主流,辨析其演变特征、文化逻辑、价值得失及应予提倡的发展方向。采用宏观态势考察与典型文本细读相结合的论述方式,持论有着强烈的问题意识和自觉的价值持衡立场,实现了创作与批评、文学批评与文学史的良性循环,显示出学理境界与价值体认的双重突破。     

Towards a Multi‐level Approach on Frontline Interactions in the Public Sector: Institutional Transformations and the Dynamics of Real‐time Interactions

This study develops a multi‐level approach on frontline interactions in the public sector. Previous research suggests that detailed analyses of frontline interactions are essential to our understanding of how welfare services take shape when policies and rules are applied and negotiated in individual cases. The dynamics and performances of real‐time interactions have, however, rarely been analyzed as such. This study shows how the methods developed in the field of Conversation Analysis can contribute to this research. Our multi‐level approach integrates analyses of the policy‐ and institutional transformations that shape conditions for frontline interactions; and analyses of how policies and rules are evoked, negotiated and reshaped in the turn‐by‐turn organization and performances of interaction. The approach is applied on an analysis of how rules regarding financial aid are applied in an authority highly affected by changes in welfare policy towards standardization and detailed regulations. The empirical case is the Swedish Board for Study Support. The empirical study includes analyses of documents, interviews and analyses of taped telephone conversations. The study shows how institutional arrangements of standardization, detailed regulations, monitoring and depersonalization, structure the frontline work and shape narrow frames for officials' discretion in interactions with clients. The study also shows how rules are invoked and negotiated in recurrent practices in the interaction: in the careful design of decisions; in the investigations of alternatives and exceptions from the rules in order to find solutions to the client's problems. The analyses of concrete interactional practices clearly indicate that also a rule‐governed work dominated by task discretion involves recurrent negotiations, flexibility and local policy‐making.