美国向危地马拉实施"胜利行动"的始末

“胜利行动”是冷战初期美国对危地马拉阿本斯政府开展的一项隐蔽行动。美国打着“反对共产主义”的旗号对危地马拉进行干涉并最终颠覆了拉丁美洲民主政权。行动从策划筹备到具体实施都是在极端保密的情况下进行的,内幕鲜为人知。近年来,随着美国历史档案的不断解密,整个行动的来龙去脉才慢慢呈现在世人面前。“胜利行动”不仅严重阻碍了危地马拉的民主改革进程及社会进步,还为美国中央情报局在拉丁美洲开展隐蔽行动树立了一个模式。     

The Influence of Human Factors and Specialist Involvement on Information Systems Success

Despite remarkable advances in informationtechnology (IT), many computer-based information systems(IS) still fall short of performance expectations. Agrowing share of these implementation failures are due to nontechnical factors. This articleconsiders the human factors and human resource (HR)management issues associated with IT assimilation. Ataxonomy of specialist roles in the IS adoption process is proposed and illustrated in a series ofbrief case studies. The results from a fieldinvestigation are then reported. The relationshipsbetween different HR specialist roles and selected ISsuccess measures were examined in more than 60 organizationsacross East and Southeast Asia. Proactive and supportiveHR roles were found to be associated with greater usersatisfaction, smoother organizational change and improved productivity, but did notsignificantly affect perceived output quality. Theimplications for management practice are discussed andspecific areas for further research areidentified.