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Hedwig Lee Kathleen Mullan Harris Penny Gordon-Larsen 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):505-532
Increasing obesity among Americans is a serious issue in the US, especially in the pediatric and young adult population. We
use a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between childhood poverty/welfare receipt and obesity onset and continuity
from adolescence into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We include
multiple measures of disadvantage that co-occur with poverty and model potential mediating mechanisms within a life course
framework. We find a significant effect of poverty/welfare receipt in childhood on obesity outcomes for females, but not for
males. However, other measures of socioeconomic disadvantage such as neighborhood poverty, and low parental education are
related to obesity in both males and females. Poverty may impact female obesity through the mediating effects of physical
activity, inadequate sleep, skipping breakfast and certain forms of parental monitoring, while race is an important confounder
of poverty’s influence. This paper highlights the important influence of poverty and other aspects of social disadvantage
on obesity outcomes during this critical transition to adulthood. Implications of this research include physical activity
and parenting interventions for low-income youth. In addition, governmental efforts should be made to increase physical activity
opportunities in poor neighborhoods.
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Hedwig LeeEmail: |
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Visceral adiposity index is associated with premature ejaculation inversely: a cross-sectional study
Suleyman Sami Cakir Levent Ozcan Huseyin Besiroglu Murat Dursun Emre Can Polat Alper Otunctemur 《The aging male》2018,21(3):206-210
Objective: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel indicator for the assessment of visceral obesity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between VAI and premature ejaculation (PE).Materials and method: A total of 300 men were included in the study. Hundred and fifty men with PE and 150 men without PE (control). All men were evaluated for PE by premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). VAI levels were calculated using body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein and triglyceride (TG) levels.Results: Mean age of the study groups was 34.3?±?5.2 (30–60) years and the mean age of the controls were 35.9?±?5.3 (30–60) years. The men with PE had lower BMI, TG levels, waist circumference (WC) and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Mean VAI level was 4.13?±?0.7 in study group and 5.72?±?1.6 in control group, respectively. VAI levels were statistically higher in men without PE (p?.001).Discussion: Our cross-sectional study demonstrated a negative correlation between VAI and PE. VAI is superior index for the evaluation and calculation the relationship between obesity and PE. 相似文献
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Michael R. Elliott Nicolas Stettler 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2007,56(1):63-78
Summary. We consider the problem of obtaining population-based inference in the presence of missing data and outliers in the context of estimating the prevalence of obesity and body mass index measures from the 'Healthy for life' study. Identifying multiple outliers in a multivariate setting is problematic because of problems such as masking, in which groups of outliers inflate the covariance matrix in a fashion that prevents their identification when included, and swamping, in which outliers skew covariances in a fashion that makes non-outlying observations appear to be outliers. We develop a latent class model that assumes that each observation belongs to one of K unobserved latent classes, with each latent class having a distinct covariance matrix. We consider the latent class covariance matrix with the largest determinant to form an 'outlier class'. By separating the covariance matrix for the outliers from the covariance matrices for the remainder of the data, we avoid the problems of masking and swamping. As did Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer, we use a multiple-imputation approach, which allows us simultaneously to conduct inference after removing cases that appear to be outliers and to promulgate uncertainty in the outlier status through the model inference. We extend the work of Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer by embedding the outlier class in a larger mixture model, consider penalized likelihood and posterior predictive distributions to assess model choice and model fit, and develop the model in a fashion to account for the complex sample design. We also consider the repeated sampling properties of the multiple imputation removal of outliers. 相似文献
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Thompson D Canada A Bhatt R Davis J Plesko L Baranowski T Cullen K Zakeri I 《Evaluation and program planning》2006,29(4):433-440
Little is known about effective eHealth recruitment methods. This paper presents recruitment challenges associated with enrolling African-American girls aged 8–10 years in an eHealth obesity prevention program, their effect on the recruitment plan, and potential implications for eHealth research.Although the initial recruitment strategy was literature-informed, it failed to enroll the desired number of girls within a reasonable time period. Therefore, the recruitment strategy was reformulated to incorporate principles of social marketing and traditional marketing techniques. The resulting plan included both targeted, highly specific strategies (e.g., selected churches), and more broad-based approaches (e.g., media exposure, mass mailings, radio advertisements).The revised plan enabled recruitment goals to be attained. Media appeared to be particularly effective at reaching the intended audience. Future research should identify the most effective recruitment strategies for reaching potential eHealth audiences. 相似文献
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《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2015,28(4):e99-e109
BackgroundExcessive weight gain during pregnancy can have adverse health outcomes for mother and infant throughout pregnancy. However, few studies have identified the psychosocial factors that contribute to women gaining excessive weight during pregnancy.AimTo review the existing literature that explores the impact of psychosocial risk factors (psychological distress, body image dissatisfaction, social support, self-efficacy and self-esteem) on excessive gestational weight gain.MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed English articles using Academic Search Complete, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Informit, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. Quantitative studies that investigated psychosocial factors of excessive GWG, published between 2000 and 2014 were included. Studies investigating mothers with a low risk of mental health issues and normally-developing foetuses were eligible for inclusion. From the total of 474 articles located, 12 articles were identified as relevant and were subsequently reviewed in full.FindingsSignificant associations were found between depression, body image dissatisfaction, and social support with excessive gestational weight gain. No significant relationships were reported between anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, or self-esteem and excessive gestational weight gain.ConclusionThe relationship between psychosocial factors and weight gain in pregnancy is complex; however depression, body dissatisfaction and social support appear to have a direct relationship with excessive gestational weight gain. Further research is needed to identify how screening for, and responding to, psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain can be successfully incorporated into current antenatal care. 相似文献
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Do women value marriage more? The effect of obesity on cohabitation and marriage in the USA 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Sankar Mukhopadhyay 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(2):111-126
This paper looks into the impact of obesity and other factors on first entry into a marital or cohabiting union, using 1997
cohort data from the national longitudinal survey. Results show obese women are less likely to be accepted into either cohabitation
or marriage, while obese men are less likely to be accepted in a cohabitating relation but are not less likely to enter into
marriage. Income affects all union and all genders symmetrically, increasing the likelihood of a union. These results suggest
that marriage is a special form of union for women, so they are willing to marry obese men because they value other factors
related to the marriage choice, such as commitment or the prospect of having children. Men do not appear to value these factors
as much, so obese women are less likely to be accepted into either cohabitation or marriage.
相似文献
Sankar MukhopadhyayEmail: |
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ObjectivesWe tested three alternative hypotheses regarding the relationship between income inequality and individual risk of obesity at two geographical scales: U.S. Census tract and county.MethodsIncome inequality was measured by Gini coefficients, created from the 2000 U.S. Census. Obesity was clinically measured in the 2003–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The individual measures and area measures were geo-linked to estimate three sets of multi-level models: tract only, county only, and tract and county simultaneously. Gender was tested as a moderator.ResultsAt both the tract and county levels, higher income inequality was associated with lower individual risk of obesity. The size of the coefficient was larger for county-level Gini than for tract-level Gini; and controlling income inequality at one level did not reduce the impact of income inequality at the other level. Gender was not a significant moderator for the obesity-income inequality association.ConclusionsHigher tract and county income inequality was associated with lower individual risk of obesity, indicating that at least at the tract and county levels and in the context of cross-sectional data, the public health goal of reducing the rate of obesity is in line with anti-poverty policies of addressing poverty through mixed-income development where neighborhood income inequality is likely higher than homogeneous neighborhoods. 相似文献
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Murat Dursun Huseyin Besiroglu Suleyman Sami Cakir Alper Otunctemur Emin Ozbek 《The aging male》2018,21(3):187-192
Objective: Visceral adipose index (VAI) is a novel parameter for the evaluation of visceral obesity. As we know that obesity is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). So, in this study, we compared the VAI levels between the men with ED and without ED.Materials and method: A total of 177 men were included in the study. Ninety-five men with ED and 82 men without ED (control). All men were evaluated for ED by Index of Erectile Function-5 items (IIEF-5). VAI levels were calculated using body mass index, high density lipoprotein and tryglyceride levels.Results: Mean age was 53.5 (38–69) in men who have ED and 53.1 (34–69) in control. The men with ED had higher body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) levels, higher waist circumference (WC) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Mean VAI level was 5.18?±?2.50 in study group and 3.47?±?1.76 in control goup, respectively. VAI levels were statistically higher in men with ED (p?.001).Discussion: The simplicity of WC and BMI measurement and TG and HDL assessment, make VAI an easily applicable index for the evaluation of visceral fat dysfunction. VAI can be useful index for the evaluation and calculation of erectile dysfunction risk. 相似文献