Transformer in navigation: Diverse government roles for open innovation in China's high-speed rail

Based on a longitudinal case study of China's high-speed rail embedded in the emerging economy context, we focus on what role the government plays and how that matters to open innovation (OI) for competitive advantage. By linking the OI literature with the national political institutions literature to motivate our research question, we propose a statist-based OI view to differentiate diverse government roles, investigating how government adopts roles in a combined way to push OI in stages. Our findings suggest that government is an important strategic decision-maker for OI. Specifically, the government plays various roles as commander, protector, cultivator, and intermediator, reflecting state activism derived from national political institutions, to construct institutional-level OI for domestic OI activities, and inbound and outbound OI across national borders. We find government can deliberately and strategically use its diverse roles in a combined way to push OI for competitive advantage through the industrial evolutionary process over time. Our study contributes to the OI literature and integrates the strategic management literature with the study of OI to provide new insights to explain the origins of competitive advantage from the state perspective.     

抗战前十年南京国民政府的禁烟禁毒政策

烟毒影响近代中国社会至深且巨 ,南京国民政府自成立之日起便展开对这一社会问题的治理工作。抗战前十年其禁烟政策历经“寓禁于征”、断禁和渐禁三个阶段的演变 ,在禁烟领域作出了自己的努力 ,并取得阶段性成果 ,北洋军阀时期烟毒大泛滥的局面得到基本扼制。     

试述恩琴犯蒙所引发的直奉矛盾斗争

1921年白俄恩琴率军侵入外蒙古,从而引发国内直奉两系军阀一系列的矛盾斗争,使得当时的北洋政府坐失收复外蒙良机,最终导致外蒙从中国分裂出去,进而揭示出北洋军阀置国家疆土于不顾而忙于内争的实质。     

中国京剧与欧洲歌剧之比较

文章从戏剧的起始源头、发展脉络对中国京剧与欧洲歌剧作了比较。接着 ,又从分析中国与西方的政治体制、民族性、哲学思想与科技发展水平的差异入手 ,对中国京剧的写意风格和以演员表演为中心、欧洲歌剧的写实风格和以音乐为中心的美学特点作了阐述和比较。     

试论权利的演变及其成本——基于政府实现公共利益能力的视角

无论从任何角度考察，权利都以政府的巨大财政成本作为后盾，否则权利便无从实现。当现代政府的公共利益责任与权利成本发生矛盾时，如何协调二者之间的关系，将权利成本最小化、公共利益最大化，就成为理论界与实务界必须承担的责任。     

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.     

从《朝天录》看朝鲜使节与域外文人的文化交流

李朝时期,朝鲜使臣频繁出使明朝,由于其另一身份为精通汉学的文人,因此与同样深受中国影响的域外文人进行了文学交流:李安讷同孔闻謤的诗歌酬唱,体现了中朝两国的文化认同;金尚宪与吴大斌的惺惺相惜,体现了文人间的友好情谊;李醉光与安南使者冯克宽、琉球使者蔡坚的文学往来,体现了朝鲜文学在安南等国的影响.朝鲜使臣在出使明朝的过程中,以文学为裁体,同域外文人进行了广泛的文化交流.     

南京国民政府时期南洋侨教政策负面影响述评

由于历史和现实的缘故，国民政府十分关注海外华侨尤其南洋华侨的教育，形成了比较完善的华侨教育体系，学校和学生数量呈上升趋势，学生素质也不断提高。然而由于国民政府侨教政策自身固有的弊病，给南洋侨教带来了相当的消极作用，限制了南洋侨教事业的进一步发展。     

西法何以未能东鉴--庞德与中国近代的法律改革浅析

庞德作为中国近代被政府聘请的最后一位外国法律专家,被南京国民政府视为合适人选有其内在原因.庞德的社会学法学的理论、社会利益学说与国民政府的国家、社会本位论有相似之处.庞德在华担任司法部和教育部顾问期间对中国的法制建设及法学教育提出了诸多有见地的建议,但最终收效甚微.笔者认为,除了政局动荡、法制建设缺乏稳定的环境这一因素外,法律文化的不同、宪政运动的失败、司法独立精神的缺乏及社会结构的落后是使其改革建议无法有效实施的更深层次原因.在法制建设蓬勃发展的今天,庞德的改革建议仍有其进步意义,值得我们借鉴.     

"九一八"事变前后中国与国联的技术合作

20世纪20年代末至30年代初,为促进国内经济发展和社会改良,为扩大国际影响,提升中国在国际上的地位,南京国民政府在医疗卫生、水利建设、文化教育等方面与国联进行初步的技术合作."九一八"事变爆发后,技术合作被迫暂时中断.这一阶段的技术合作,对增强中国国际地位和抗战全面爆发后中国与国际社会的合作,产生了积极的影响.