宋代相权的兴盛

宋初在权力结构的调整中对相权进行了分割,但考察宋代实际的权力运作,宋代的相权自始至终处于兴盛状态,对相权所采取的几项措施都没有对相权产生实质性的削弱作用。导致这一现象的主要原因在于宋代所奉行的基本国策是“以儒治国”,是君主与士大夫“共治天下”。同时,相权兴盛也是巩固政权的政治需要,亦是当时频繁的军事活动所需。     

"饮中八仙"的演化与李白为"翰林供奉"的时间问题

考索现存资料,知盛唐"饮中八仙"有两说:一无裴周南,一有裴周南,迄今仍没有为大家认同的解释。实际上,"饮中八仙"本来就不很固定,是盛唐俗传的结果,而人们乐道的长安会饮是不太可能的,李白开元、天宝间两入长安的史实也为"饮中八仙"的演化增一佐证。同时,"翰林供奉"与"翰林学士"分野于开元二十六年,及此年前后李白仍在长安为"翰林供奉"的史实表明:开元间李白确实到过长安,寓居时间在十年左右。准此,李白这段时间的作品就需要重新编年、重新研究,《新唐书.李白传》也需要修正。     

唯一分解环上的一元多项式环的因子分解

本文提供了一个求唯一分解环Ｉ上的多项式的落在Ｉ的商域中的全部根的方法并得到了一个判别商域上的多项式不可约的充分条件     

浅论日本首相参拜靖国神社的动机

日本首相违反国际民意,屡屡参拜靖国神社,其动机就是利用靖国神社的精神象征性,实现争取民众选票的支持、获得右翼势力的扶助、肯定国家的侵略史、迎合美国的战略意图等多重政治目的。     

浅析《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的后现代主义

《布罗迪小姐的青春》是穆丽尔.斯帕克最著名、最具有代表性的的小说之一,而后现代主义文学则是兴起于20世纪五六十年代,这一时期正是斯帕克创作的高峰期,《布罗迪小姐的青春》很明显受到了后现代主义潮流的影响。结合文本,从后现代主义角度对《布罗迪小姐的青春》进行了分析。     

分裂的主体——《布罗迪小姐的青春》的心理解读

《布罗迪小姐的青春》是穆丽尔·斯帕克的代表作,其中针对学生桑迪对教师布罗迪的背叛,学界存在多种争议。依据雅克·拉康的主体理论,提出一种新的视角探究其悲剧产生的根源：桑迪的背叛是希望摆脱以布罗迪小姐为代表的“他者”建构的世界,穿过欲望的幻想做回本真的自我。     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

欧洲中世纪盛期拓殖运动的社会经济意义

欧洲中世纪盛期的拓殖运动意义重大.它推动了商品的流通、市场的创建、城市的兴起,极大地增加了社会财富.同时,它减缓了人口压力和阶级矛盾,促使封建生产关系进行调整.所有这一切都有助于封建制度的巩固和发展.而且,它还促进了欧洲整体的兴起.     

New Models of Contracting in the Public Sector: A Review of Alliance Contracting,Prime Contracting and Outcome‐based Contracting Literature

The coordination of public services is an enduring challenge and an important policy priority. One way to achieve collaboration across organizational boundaries, which is being considered in public services such as the English National Health Service (NHS), is through the adoption of alliance contracting, prime provider contracting and outcome‐based contracting. This article reviews the cross‐sectoral literature concerning the characteristics of these new contractual models, how they function, their impact, and their relation to public sector governance objectives. These new contractual forms are characterized as models which, in line with the New Public Management (NPM)/post‐NPM agenda, seek to incentivize providers through the transfer of risk from the commissioners to the providers of services. Key findings are that the models are likely to incur high transaction costs relating to the negotiation and specification of outcomes and rely heavily on the relational aspects of contracting. There is also found to be a lack of convincing cross‐sectoral evidence of the impact of the models, particularly in relation to improving coordination across organizations. The article questions the reconciliation of the use of these new contractual models in settings such as the English NHS with the requirements of public sector governance for transparency and accountability. The models serve to highlight the problems inherent in the NPM/post‐NPM agenda of the transfer of risk away from commissioners of services in terms of transparency and accountability.     

浅论明初朱元璋废相的原因

先秦尚无正式相制,军政合一,政务尚简.自军政分立,国政繁琐,辅政职务越发重要,秦设丞相总领百官辅政,汉武帝时以中官夺相权,隋唐宋时相职以多散权,元朝则独设中书省,家天下的朝政导致私利和公权交杂,而明太祖废相制,以天子亲政朱批政务.历朝治乱循环均无法从制度层面解决家天下的稳定传承,相权演变也是皇权变化的外在表现.本文试图从相权的演变中探讨明初废相的原因和动机.