Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia

This report evaluates the extent of perceived and enacted HIV/AIDS-related stigma in a rural setting in Zambia. Stigmatisation is abundant, ranging from subtle actions to the most extreme degradation, rejection and abandonment. Women with HIV and pregnant women assumed to be HIV positive are repeatedly subjected to extensive forms of stigma, particularly once they become sick or if their child dies. Despite increasing access to prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives, including anti-retroviral drugs, the perceived disincentives of HIV testing, particularly for women, largely outweigh the potential gains from available treatments. HIV/AIDS related stigma drives the epidemic underground and is one of the main reasons that people do not wish to know their HIV status. Unless efforts to reduce stigma are, as one peer educator put it, “written in large letters in any HIV/AIDS campaign rather than small”, stigma will remain a major barrier to curbing the HIV/AIDS pandemic.     

论空间权

空间权是一种新型权利,空间权法理是传统土地所有权理论的新发展。空间权与土地权利的关系密切而复杂,准确恰当地定位两者的关系是空间权研究的核心问题。     

试论权利的演变及其成本——基于政府实现公共利益能力的视角

无论从任何角度考察，权利都以政府的巨大财政成本作为后盾，否则权利便无从实现。当现代政府的公共利益责任与权利成本发生矛盾时，如何协调二者之间的关系，将权利成本最小化、公共利益最大化，就成为理论界与实务界必须承担的责任。     

知识产权·人权·发展

现有的知识产权制度正在朝着保护经济利益的方向发展,也因此引发了世界范围内关于知识产权与人权问题上的争论。知识产权的提出与制度化发展是人类社会发展的必然结果,具有哲学、经济学上的合理性。从本质上看,知识产权属于私权。但同时知识产权也属于发展权的一个重要组成部分。只有对知识产权的发展权本质进行深入的探讨和研究,才能把握知识产权发展思想的真谛和实现知识产权制度的价值目标。     

信誉主体及其产权基础

经济学视域中的信誉是坚持诚实交易、信守合约所获得的声誉。经济学所分析的信誉主体是指那些诚实交易、信守合约的个人和组织。从现实社会看,经济学的信誉主体仅仅是市场主体之一部分。由市场主体必须是产权主体的命题,可以逻辑地推导出信誉主体必须是产权主体的命题。产权是信誉主体确立的基础,原因在于第一,置信的承诺显然与主体履约能力的大小密切相关;第二,交易性互动必须建立在交易各方的产权基础之上;第三,有恒产者追求的已不再是短期利益的最大化,而是长期利益的最大化,如果失信将面临巨大的风险。     

企业技术创新的知识产权保护

技术创新是企业按照市场需求将科技成果转化为商品并首次实现其商业价值的动态过程。知识产权保护制度对企业技术创新和经济发展具有巨大推动作用。企业可以根据自身特点采取不同的技术创新模式, 在技术创新的不同阶段利用不同的知识产权保护方式。     

试论我国农村剩余劳动力的迁移聚集与小城镇发展

本文阐述了我国二元经济结构直接向一元结构转变模式的不适用性,分析了影响我国农村剩余劳动力转移的两大因素:土地问题(土地流转制度及土地产权制度改革)和户籍制度问题,并进一步提出了解决问题的新思路。     

Young People Leaving Care: Participatory Research to Improve Child Welfare Practices and the Rights of Children and Young People

Abstract

This paper discusses participatory research with young people who are leaving public care in Finland to begin independent lives. The aim of the research, organised by SOS Children's Villages International, was to bring about change in alternative care arrangements, particularly those involving young people's transition to independence. The project used a participatory research design based on employing care-leaving peers as co-researchers. This paper adheres to the methodological principles of empowerment in analysing the personal experiences of young people leaving alternative care with the goal of informing good practice. The findings suggest that the peer research method can be an effective means of empowering young people to develop research skills and to be involved in knowledge production, as well as serving as a means of promoting improved services for “care-leavers”, those young people who are leaving either foster care or institutional care. The participatory and peer research method challenges the traditional understandings of expertise and knowledge production. Although the hierarchy between adult researchers and young people as co-researchers is still evident, the method provides possibilities for better understanding the social- and health-service systems and their challenges and pitfalls from a user's perspective.     

留守儿童的救赎之路——观念与公约的碰撞

留守儿童是当前我国一个庞大而特殊的弱势群体。解决留守儿童问题,有赖于养育儿童观念的改变;遵守联合国《儿童权利公约》,确保不违背儿童父母的意愿使儿童和父母分离;给予农民工"国民待遇",取消户籍差别。