论旅游者的心理需求及服务策略

尽管旅游者构成具有多样性与复杂性的特点,但是通过分析旅游者的心理需求,可以看出旅游者主要想通过旅游获得比日常生活更多的享受、尊重与自由.本文以旅游者的心理需求为切入点,结合旅游服务的特殊性,着重阐述了旅游从业人员如何做好心理服务的基本策略.     

TGS—PVDF复合材料的试制与性能研究

试制了TGS—PVDF复合材料,发现该材料具有良好的热电性与柔软性,适于33℃以下使用。33℃以上材料的稳定性变坏。极化机构是TGS、PVDF及相界三部分的贡献。     

TGS—PVDF复合材料极化特性的研究

对人工极化后的TGS—PVDF复合材料的研究发现:其可逆热释电归因于材料中TGS铁电微晶电矩的取向排列、极性高分子聚合物PVDF基体的驻极电荷和相界中由于两相耦合所束缚的大量空间电荷。电荷注入机制是制成高的纯熟释电系数复合材料的必需条件。未极化复合膜中TGS 微晶晶格畸变和人工极化过程产生的缺陷是相界中束缚大量空间电荷的主要原因。     

从虚到实:诗词导向型旅游规划探析——兼论洛阳独乐园旅游规划

诗词导向型旅游规划是以诗词中描述的诗画风光为基础、导向和核心的新型旅游规划。独乐园的旅游规划是典型的诗词导向型旅游规划。司马光在与当政者政见不同、难以施展抱负的情况下,退居洛阳在伊河南岸造独乐园。独乐园的诗画风光主要来源于司马光的《独乐园记》和七景诗。据此重新构思规划早已不复存在的独乐园,其形象可定位为"独乐乐,与民同乐",其功能分区为司马光文化区、"中国名园名村"、佛教文化区、伊河泛舟区,其景点建设包括独乐园七景、独乐园水景、司马温公祠、司马街村寨、乡村文化一条街。     

A Framework for Facilitating Sourcing and Allocation Decisions for Make‐to‐Order Items

This paper provides a fundamental building block to facilitate sourcing and allocation decisions for make‐to‐order items. We specifically address the buyer's vendor selection problem for make‐to‐order items where the goal is to minimize sourcing and purchasing costs in the presence of fixed costs, shared capacity constraints, and volume‐based discounts for bundles of items. The potential suppliers for make‐to‐order items provide quotes in the form of single sealed bids or participate in a dynamic auction involving open bids. A solution to our problem can be used to determine winning bids amongst the single sealed bids or winners at each stage of a dynamic auction. Due to the computational complexity of this problem, we develop a heuristic procedure based on Lagrangian relaxation technique to solve the problem. The computational results show that the procedure is effective under a variety of scenarios. The average gap across 2,250 problem instances is 4.65%.     

Approaches to a real-world Train Timetabling Problem in a railway node

We consider the Train Timetabling Problem (TTP) in a railway node (i.e. a set of stations in an urban area interconnected by tracks), which calls for determining the best schedule for a given set of trains during a given time horizon, while satisfying several track operational constraints. In particular, we consider the context of a highly congested railway node in which different Train Operators wish to run trains according to timetables that they propose, called ideal timetables. The ideal timetables altogether may be (and usually are) conflicting, i.e. they do not respect one or more of the track operational constraints. The goal is to determine conflict-free timetables that differ as little as possible from the ideal ones.The problem was studied for a research project funded by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), the main Italian railway Infrastructure Manager, who also provided us with real-world instances. We present an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model for the problem, which adapts previous ILP models from the literature to deal with the case of a railway node. The Linear Programming (LP) relaxation of the model is used to derive a dual bound. In addition, we propose an iterative heuristic algorithm that is able to obtain good solutions to real-world instances with up to 1500 trains in short computing times. The proposed algorithm is also used to evaluate the capacity saturation of the railway nodes.     

Behavioural techniques for enhancing alertness and performance in shift work

This paper reviews behavioural and cognitive methods for increasing alertness, enhancing performance, and decreasing long-term negative consequences due to shift work. Methods having the most potential for effective intervention include the short-term alerting effects of the optimal timing of work breaks, social activity during breaks, and sensory stimulation. Stress coping techniques and sleep hygiene information for workers and their families have the most potential for addressing long-tcrm effects of shift work. Recommendations for areas requiring further investigation include the altering effects of bright light, fresh air, and cold water; performance enhanccmcnt through psychophysiological self-regulation and imagery; and the impact on performance of second jobs and family responsibilities.     

Updating Schemes, Correlation Structure, Blocking and Parameterization for the Gibbs Sampler

In this paper many convergence issues concerning the implementation of the Gibbs sampler are investigated. Exact computable rates of convergence for Gaussian target distributions are obtained. Different random and non-random updating strategies and blocking combinations are compared using the rates. The effect of dimensionality and correlation structure on the convergence rates are studied. Some examples are considered to demonstrate the results. For a Gaussian image analysis problem several updating strategies are described and compared. For problems in Bayesian linear models several possible parameterizations are analysed in terms of their convergence rates characterizing the optimal choice.     

Improving Path Trimming in a Network Algorithm for Fisher's Exact Test in Two-way Contingency Tables

This article provides an improvement of the network algorithm for calculating the exact p value of the generalized Fisher's exact test in two-way contingency tables. We give a new exact upper bound and an approximate upper bound for the maximization problems encountered in the network algorithm. The approximate bound has some very desirable computational properties and the meaning is elucidated from a viewpoint of differential geometry. Our proposed procedure performs well regardless of the pattern of marginal totals of data.     

铁电——驻极体复合材料的传导性和热电驰豫效应

研究了未极化的0—3模式、不同体积比的TGS—PVDF复合膜0℃至75℃的传导性和极化后的复合膜在0℃和30℃下的热电驰豫效应。发现复合膜中TGS与PVDF的耦合对复合膜的传导性和热电驰豫有影响,体积比约1:1时影响较显著。复合膜的热电驰豫遵从t~(1/2)规律,是空间电荷的驰豫效应。复合膜中耦合相实质上是组成复合材料的两相物质界面附近被束缚的局域空间电荷效应。