Incumbent capability enhancement in response to radical innovations

Schumpeterian market disequilibrium marked by entrepreneurial entry and incumbent exit has long held an important place in management literature. The extant literature has overwhelmingly championed the newcomer, despite incumbents' obvious advantages in resources, experience and market knowledge. The current research provides evidence for the effectiveness of the incumbent's strategy of capability enhancement (along an established technological trajectory) while responding to radical technological innovations. We develop a cognitive process model that integrates managerial cognition with capability development and deployment views, depicting the dynamics of the incumbent's capability enhancement process. We analyze the cognitive drivers of organizational actions in all stages (rigidity, triggering event, and capability renewal) and elucidate the role of top management cognition in the processes of detecting and correcting errors in a strategic course of action. We ground our model in the case of a cork-stopper industry veteran's decline as corks ceded ground to screw tops and other stoppers in the wine industry. How a major company fought back in response to the emergence of these, in the industry context, radical technological innovations, provides the basis for our narrative. The proposed theoretical model contributes to literature on technology management (with regard to incumbent strategies in response to radical innovation threats) as well as the role of cognition in strategy (providing an explanation of the cognitive underpinnings of capability development).     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

酚酞型聚醚砜膜的制备与性能研究

本文利用水相沉淀聚合法成功地合成了丙烯腈(AN)-(二丙烯酰胺基)-二甲基丙烷磺酸(AM PS)共聚物,然后将其作为添加剂制备酚酞型聚醚砜膜,并进一步研究了添加剂用量对膜通量,膜截留率以及膜形态的影响.研究表明,随着添加剂用量的增加(从0到5%),膜在100 kPa下的水通量从230 L/m2.hr下降到125 L/m2.hr,对PEG 35000的截留率分别从0.5528增加到0.75.另外,利用场发射电子显微镜观察了膜断面,发现随着PAN-co-AM PS含量的增加,膜表皮层逐渐变厚,指状孔逐渐减少.     

《说文解字》“女”部字及其文化内涵

《说文解字》是我国析字形、解字义、辨读音的文字学专著。本文在对284个《说文解字》中“女”部字及女性文化相关字进行全面考察的基础上,依据《说文解字》中“以类相从,以义相贯”的分类原则,建构“女”部字分类体系,将其分为姓名、称谓、婚嫁、女性价值评判标准、中性字五个类别;通过《说文解字》与《现代汉语词典》中“女”部字对比,研究“女”部字形义变化;探讨“女”部字中反映出的古代女性主流社会地位和古代婚姻制度。     

Feminist power and its implications on Uganda’s malaria communication campaign

This paper examines power and its manifestation in Uganda’s “Stop Malaria Campaign.” It specifically questions the apparent radical feminism, which is conceptualized as a quest for power, and how such excesses drive implementation of the campaign. The paper explains data collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews using feminist communication theory as informed by the critical ideas of feminism and power. These three ideas help to put into perspective: domination of the campaign by one gender, interpretation of the campaign’s objectives to suit that one gender, and communication methods used in the campaign. Analysis of the above three processes shows that men are the weaker gender in the malaria prevention drive, an idea that has clashed with the existing male chauvinism on which several families still thrive in Africa. A view that radical feminism should be seen as an organized form of power that needs to be checked if Uganda’s malaria communication campaign is to be implemented successfully is herein proposed, along with some solutions to the challenges.     

戴维森意义理论的主要思想导源

戴维森意义理论具有明显的思想继承性,主要表现在:弗雷格的真值条件论是其基本立足点,塔尔斯基真之语义论的约定-T模式充当其形式表征基础,蒯因的彻底翻译理论成为其经验解释的理论基础。正是由于戴维森善于借鉴这些影响深远的思想成果,使其意义理论呈现出一种解释性的真理论而潜在地具有非凡的理论优势和影响力。     

Deactivating the Buttons: Integrating Radical Exposure Tapping with a Family Therapy Framework

The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate with case examples a brief intervention termed Radical Exposure Tapping (RET). RET can be integrated with family therapy to address stuck points where the therapy is hindered by a family member's affective block, an intense and unchangeable emotional reactivity to a specific trigger. RET draws from the methodology of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and combines it with the tapping sequence of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) to produce an intervention that is more flexible than EMDR, provides greater rigor than using the EFT technique alone and can be effective in a single session within the context of family therapy. The paper puts this work into context by first over viewing definitions of trauma and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder, arguing that family members' emotional reactivity may be a symptom of PTSD even when they would not qualify for the diagnosis because they had not experienced a life threatening event.     

Managing skunkworks to achieve ambidexterity: The Robinson Crusoe effect

Literature on ambidexterity emphasizes the need for both exploration and exploitation. Large firms usually choose to implement structural ambidexterity to separate both activities. We here focus on an extreme case of such structural partitioning implemented as a secret skunkworks project in a large French automotive company. A qualitative survey using both primary and secondary data shows that the major basic and initial characteristics of a skunkworks (i.e. secrecy, urgency, and autonomy) created favorable conditions for the technological exploration. However, exploitation failed due to precisely those same characteristics coupled with the fact that the project did not respond to a specific market demand: The skunkworks suffered from what we call the "Robinson Crusoe effect." We therefore contribute to the literature on skunkworks, which have remained understudied in the academic literature, as well as on ambidexterity, by showing how the interrelation between different factors is crucial for structural ambidexterity to be successful     

废PS塑料制备建筑粘接剂的研究

本文以废聚苯乙烯(PS)为原料，采用接枝共聚方法，通过正交试验，确定了合成改性聚苯乙烯胶粘剂的最佳配方和反应条件.实验结果表明，改性聚苯乙烯胶粘剂的粘接强度比改性前提高四倍，其对木材和金属的粘接，明显优于某些日用胶粘剂.本文采用气相色谱和红外光谱对产品组成进行了分析.     

迈向实用主义启蒙的社会人类学

通过学科史的回顾,文章力图论证一次新的学科转向的可能性。此种转向的理论倾向是实用主义的,也即,在认识到社会世界的复杂性之后,仍然相信某种普适性理解的可能;同时,作者提出地志学转向作为具体进路。地志学转向力图恢复人类学对于世界物质性的关注,强调:社会空间与地理空间在经验中是融合的,个人是栖居在特定世界中的。此种实用主义味道的地志学既克服了现象学把人类学简化为琐碎故事、直觉体验的弊端,从而保证了"彻底解释"的可能,也充分地承认了现象学所强调的身体感知、意念投射对于理解社会的那种浮现性质的重要地位。此种转向既是一种社会本体论,又是一种认识论,同时也是对民族志和田野工作的重新理解。