中国食用农产品安全生产面临的新挑战及其对策

中国食用农产品安全生产面临的新挑战,既包括农业生产环境的恶化趋势、高产与优质的不可兼得、农业生产体系的先天病态化、现行标准的模糊执行等仍较严重的内忧,又包括农业发展的对外依赖性风险、农业体系的世界边缘化风险、国外转基因产品的持续流入、外来生物的不断入侵等日益突出的外患,必须有的放矢地采取坚持实施可持续发展战略,切实搞好农村环境保护,精心搞好综合促动,认真落实农业清洁生产,扎实推进农业标准化升级,积极构筑农业创新体系,尽快健全重大疫病、虫害快速扑灭机制,加紧完善全程监测预警系统等行之有效的应对方略。     

Predicting the Condom Assertiveness of Collegiate Females in the United States From the Expanded Health Belief Model

ABSTRACT. Collegiate females in the United States are susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to their propensity for sexual exploration, multiple sexual partnerships, and inconsistent safe-sex practices. Despite the potential for safe-sex communication to contribute to safer sex, little is known about the predictors of this form of sexual communication. Research on condom assertiveness—the unambiguous messaging that sex without a condom is unacceptable—is especially rare. This study employed the Expanded Health Belief Model (EHBM) in an attempt to understand why some collegiate females are more condom assertive than others. Compared with less condom-assertive females, more condom-assertive females have more faith in the effectiveness of condoms, believe more in their own condom communication skills, perceive that they are more susceptible to STIs, believe there are more relational benefits to being condom assertive, believe their peers are more condom assertive, and intend to be more condom assertive. Overall, EHBM variables accounted for nearly 70% of the variability in condom assertiveness. Several of these associations, however, were moderated by sexual compulsivity and general assertiveness. Implications of these findings for sexual health practitioners are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.     

论金大中政府关于朝鲜半岛和平机制的构想

为实现朝鲜半岛的长期稳定与持久和平,金大中总统上台后开始构建新的半岛和平机制,其主要政策和措施有三个方面一是通过巩固韩美军事同盟关系等措施加强军事实力,以此作为构建半岛和平机制的基础和后盾;二是改善对朝关系,实施以"阳光政策"为主要内容的对朝柔和政策,以此作为构建半岛和平机制的主要策略;三是加强周边"四强协调外交",密切与其关系,以此作为构建半岛和平机制的外部推动和制约力量.     

Environmental risk assessment model for low dose extrapolation ∗

Use of experimental data from animal studies to estimate human risk due to long-term exposure to very low doses of chemicals in the environment poses a number of biological and statistical problems. One of the statistical problems is to extrapolate the animal dose-response relation from the high dose levels where data are available to low dose, which humans might encounter. Here, a quantal dose-response model is developed based on a multi-hit theory of toxic response. The development of the model utilizes a weighted Lagrange-Poisson distribution for the number of hits. When spontaneous background toxic response is included, the model involves three unknown parameters. The maximum likelihood estimators for these parameters are given as the solution of a nonlinear iterative algorithm. The use of this model for low-dose extrapolation is indicated. The results are applied to nine sets of toxic response data.     

中国避风港规则存在的问题及其解决途径

通过比较中美两国立法和分析典型案例可知,中国避风港规则存在以下两个方面的问题:首先,《信息网络传播权保护条例》第二十三条但书中的“明知或应知”,是模糊的、不清晰的;其次,权利人发出的不合法通知是否具有法律效力没有明确规定.这种条款规定的不确定性容易导致法律适用性不统一的后果.要改变这一现象首先必须修订避风港规则的相关规定,明确注意义务的判定标准和不合格通知的法律效力.此外,还需要引入利益分享机制,在权利人与网络服务商之间建立商业合作关系.     

冷战后美国对华“均势”战略

冷战后,美国在亚太地区对华采取了“均势”战略,以遏制和抗衡的手段平衡中国在该地区的力量。美国扶植日本充当亚太均势格局下的马前卒,实际上是冷战后期全球“均势”战略的回炉,目的就是要防止美国所谓与之利益相关的地缘带出现一个强国。形成绝对优势进而挑战美国的霸主地位。同时,美国炮制安全困境理论,挑唆亚太地区国家之间以及与中国之间的矛盾,使其相互疑惧,相互制约,从而形成“均势”,稳保美国的霸权。     

浅论高校“平安校园”的构建

校园平安问题是困扰高等院校稳定和发展的因素之一。导致校园平安问题的原因包括外界社会原因和学生个人原因,为此,要采取切实可行的措施全面推进平安校园建设,为当代大学生提供一个和谐安全的学习环境。     

后冷战时代中日关于朝鲜半岛安全政策的比较

冷战结束后,和平与发展成为时代主题.但是作为冷战两极对峙的产物--朝鲜半岛问题却没有得到根本改观.中国和日本作为亚太地区有影响力的两个重要国家,从地缘政治和现实利益出发,不断调整对朝鲜半岛问题的安全政策,对半岛局势的发展产生了重要影响.新时期加强对中日两国在朝鲜半岛安全政策上的分析,对两国在半岛的战略价值定义、统一问题、安全体制模式上的比较,寻找中日两国的利益汇同点,加强政治互信与合作,对于实现半岛和平统一以及建立东北亚安全体制有着积极的意义.     

榆林地区煤矿安全生产法治化研究

榆林地区煤炭资源丰富,煤炭行业作为榆林的龙头产业,对于促进当地经济的快速增长具有积极的推动作用。但由于当地煤矿多以乡镇小煤矿为主,先天技术装备薄弱,后天管理参差不齐,不安全因素始终存在。因此,通过法律的视角来分析榆林地区煤矿安全生产中存在的问题,并从立法、监管、市场机制、技术方面寻求解决途径,借助法律手段使榆林地区煤矿安全生产得以实现。     

Child Welfare and Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (AOD): Bridging the Gap to Comprehensive Services

ABSTRACT

Chemical addiction is a significant factor in child abuse and neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 1999). Although research has indicated that an alliance between the child welfare and alcohol and other drugs (AOD) treatment fields is the best way to effectively address chemical addiction within families, collaboration has not generally been established. The lack of collaborative relationships between the child welfare and AOD fields can be attributed to a number of different factors. Similarities in proposed interventions for collaborative efforts between AOD treatment and child welfare agencies can be found throughout the literature. The establishment of a truly collaborative partnership between AOD treatment and the child welfare system is a necessary step towards achievement of functional and healthy families, a goal common to both disciplines.