家庭人际关系与精神分裂症患者社会支持状况相关分析

采用《社会支持评定量表（SSRS）》和自制的《家庭人际关系状况调查问卷》,对福州市精神病人疗养院的精神症状稳定的120名住院精神分裂症患者进行施测。结果：精神分裂症患者社会支持总分（28．67±10．27）,显著低于全国常模（t＝－5．532,P＜0．001）;社会支持得分在入院前是否与家人同住呈现出显著性差异（t＝4．001,P＜0．05）;影响社会支持的因素为：婚姻状况、入院期间家人探视情况、入院前是否与家人同住。结论：精神分裂症患者社会支持状况较差,提高家庭成员对病人的支持,有利于病人的精神康复。     

汉族人群NTRK2基因多态性与精神分裂症关联研究

目的在中国汉族人群中探讨神经营养性酪氨酸激酶2型受体(NTRK2)基因rs1187272多态性与精神分裂症的关联性。方法采用TAQMAN探针SNP基因分型技术在中国汉族人群中对100例精神分裂症患者及119例正常对照者进行NTRK2基因rs1187272的分型,并进行等位基因及基因型比较。结果患者组与正常对照组之间,NTRK2基因rs1187272多态的等位基因分布(χ2=1.78,df=1,P>0.05)和基因型分布(χ2=1.01,df=2,P>0.05)无明显差异;男、女患者与正常对照组之间,等位基因分布(χ2=2.70,df=3,P>0.05)和基因型分布(χ2=4.72,df=6,P>0.05)也无明显差异;但在不同发病年龄组之间,NTRK2基因rs1187272多态性等位基因分布(χ2=5.53,df=1,P=0.02)存在显著差异,在早发病患者组与对照组之间比较,NTRK2基因rs1187272多态性等位基因分布存在显著差异(χ2=4.38,df=1,P=0.04)。结论在中国汉族人群中NTRK2基因rs1187272多态性与早发精神分裂症(发病年龄≤25岁)存在关联,其可能是早发精神分裂症的易...     

长期住院治疗的精神分裂症患者代谢综合征风险研究

目的调查长期服用抗精神病药的精神分裂症患者在糖脂代谢相关变量的情况及相关风险的评估,以便为进一步研究抗精神病药与代谢综合征发生的因果关系提供初步的调查线索。方法以上海市精神卫生中心住院诊断为精神分裂症且持续服用治疗剂量抗精神病药至少6个月以上而以往无代谢障碍的患者为调查对象,在6个病房中进行筛选,符合条件共170人,调查包括人口学资料(身高,体重,腰围,用药时间,糖尿病家族史)、最近一月的血脂水平(HDL,TG)、空腹血糖和血压等情况。结果精神分裂症患者中男性较女性更易罹患代谢综合征(P<0.01);精神分裂症患者中的吸烟者较不吸烟者更易罹患代谢综合征(P<0.05);而药物之间的比较并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论经典和非典型抗精神病药可能会引起代谢综合征或加重其发生的风险。     

Rehabilitation Programs for Elderly Women Inpatients with Schizophrenia

ABSTRACT

This study aims to describe rehabilitation and resocialization methods we believe to be appropriate for application to female patients with schizophrenia, in a psychiatric unit with a predominantly older population. We briefly describe the unit and the interventions used as an example of the proposed rehabilitation and resocialization methods applied. The article provides an overview to guide accurate intervention, particularly in inpatient women, in different types of cognitive impairment under the broad category of schizophrenia. Our clinical approach includes a token economy approach, cognitive remediation therapy, and social skills training. The token economy intervention is particularly directed to patients that present with a high mental deterioration and/or debility. Cognitive remediation training is applicable to subjects with both cognitive and social dysfunction, but that do not possess signs of an organic cerebral illness or of substance abuse. Social skills training can be the third step to resocialization, training verbal and nonverbal communication competencies.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的评价阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法阿立哌唑组50例,剂量范围10~30mg/d;利培酮组48例,剂量范围4~6mg/d,两组均以PANSS、CGI量表及TESS、RSESE量表评定观察6周。结果阿立哌唑组治疗精神分裂症与利培酮组相比总体疗效相当。阿立哌唑组PANSS-阴性因子项目减分在第4周末(t=1.89,P<0.05)及6周末(t=2.27,P<0.05)优于利培酮组。阿立哌唑组的药物不良反应小。结论阿立哌唑是有效且安全的非典型抗精神病药,对精神分裂症阴性阳性症状均有效。     

Improving functional outcomes in college and university students with schizophrenia in the Western world

Retrospective research from patients with schizophrenia suggests that remission becomes increasingly less likely the longer psychosis goes untreated. Yet symptoms of schizophrenia are insidious and disease evolution varies between patients, requiring an ongoing diagnostic process. One way of justifying early treatment is by focusing on functionality rather than symptomatology. Most patients are diagnosed with schizophrenia between the ages of 17 and 25—when many young adults are undergraduates or pursuing post-graduate education. The extent to which schools partner with mental health services has implications for the short-term success of students' recovery and their future employability. Translating study findings on schizophrenia to the college setting remains an important area of investigation.     

Subjectivity as “evidence”: an exploration of medication adherence in the treatment of schizophrenia using in-depth interviews

Anti-psychotic medication is considered one of the most efficaciousinterventions for the treatment of severe schizophrenia, yet ratesof adherence are notoriously and consistently low despite volumesof medical research. Scientific knowledge has failed to improvemedication adherence because it systematically rejects subjectiveexperience in conceptualizing mental illness. In this paper, thecontent of interviews with people diagnosed with schizophreniareceiving Assertive Community Treatment are interpreted from aFoucaldian perspective to illuminate how disciplinary assumptionsperpetuate power inequities and may be a barrier to adequateresearch generation and effective treatments. Implications for futureresearch methodology and clinical approaches are discussed.     

住院康复精神分裂症患者的权力状态与自我污名

面对医护人员的权威,住院康复精神分裂症患者往往处于完全无权的状态,而这种无权的状态以及污名的内化,使患者发展出沉默与妥协的策略,并导致自我贬低与放弃,最终难以脱离院舍化环境,回归社会。住院精神病人的无权状态与自我污名化凸显了充权的重要性。     

Women,Aging, and Schizophrenia

SUMMARY

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology that typically has an onset in early adulthood and persists for the remainder of the life span. For most affected individuals, the illness is recurrent with psychotic symptoms that tend to be episodic in nature. The illness has pervasive and disruptive effects on many life domains; for example, women with schizophrenia are less likely to marry, bear children, and raise their own children than are women in the general population. The age of onset of schizophrenia is later on average in women than men, and women are overrepresented among those who develop the illness after the age of 45. Among younger patients with schizophrenia, women tend to have less severe symptoms than men and better outcomes; however, there are fewer gender differences among older patients with schizophrenia. Older women with schizophrenia are vulnerable to problems of both schizophrenia and aging. Schizophrenia symptoms typically continue in later years and include ongoing psychotic symptoms. Problems of aging such as cognitive decline and chronic medical conditions may be exacerbated by schizophrenia and the disorder is associated with premature mortality. Older women with schizophrenia are at risk for neglect of psychiatric and other health needs that are further compounded by limited social support and low socioeconomic status. More research and clinical attention is needed for the problems of older women with schizophrenia.     

上海某城区精神分裂症患者药物维持治疗纵向观察

目的了解上海市嘉定区2001年以来精神分裂症患者药物维持治疗情况的变化。方法将嘉定区2007年7月底的在册精神分裂症患者药物维持治疗的变化情况与2001年到2006年的在册精神分裂症患者的药物维持治疗情况进行比较,了解本区2004年8月1日实行对贫困精神病患者门诊免费送药后,患者药物治疗率的纵向变化情况。结果免费送药后精神分裂症患者的药物治疗率明显提高,2007年比免费送药前的2003年提高了33.09%。结论提高药物治疗率对减少精神分裂症的复发至关重要。