论文化链接下的语言研究

“文化——语言”研究是一种立足于语言学而又导入了文化因素的语言研究方式,故称为文化链接下的语言研究。本文分析了这种语言研究方式的类型及主要研究方法,并且在对以往的“文化——语言”研究进行评价的基础上,提出对这项研究的深层思考。     

A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

将分段函数表示为初等函数的方法

本文给出了一种化具有多个分段点，且在各区间段上的表达式为多项式函数的分段函数为初等函数的具体方法．     

How culture influences foreign trade: evidence from the U.S. and China

Using a gravity model of trade and the U.S. and Chinese panel data, I present evidence that supports the views that linguistic links have become more important in foreign trade than geographical proximity and that linguistic influence on trade is more significant in China than in the U.S. The estimated result based on a broad panel of economies shows little overall relation between religious similarity and foreign trade in both the U.S. and China. But there is an indication that the religious dissimilarity tends to retard foreign trade with poor countries and regions and to encourage foreign trade with richer places. I also found that, although religious retardation on foreign trade is more significant in China than in the U.S., religious dissimilarity tends to retard the US export more than that of China; by contrast, it tends to retard the Chinese import more than that of the U.S. At last, the socio-economic implications of the estimated results are discussed.     

Unexpected but authentic use of an ethnically–marked dialect

Recent work on language crossing in the U.S. has examined the temporary appropriation of African American Vernacular English by white youth in an effort to participate in the current popularity and prestige of hip–hop culture, or in order to highlight racial boundaries. While such verbal behavior probably encompasses most white use of AAVE, it is not the only way in which whites (or other non–blacks) can use the variety. This paper presents a case study of the language of a 23 year old white female who makes consistent use of many distinctive linguistic features associated with AAVE. I argue that the interaction of ideologies of race, class, localness and language allow her to be considered an ingroup member despite her biographical race. This suggests that there is a tension between academic linguistic theory and actual speaker practice in assigning authenticity to individuals, and I conclude that language ideologies and other forms of qualitative evidence should be taken into account by sociolinguists looking at the link between language and race.     

共同语和标准语——对普通话定义的思考

本文从普通话的定义出发 ,从“共同语”和“标准语”两个方面对普通话加以论述 ,并指出普通话不同的语域功能。     

文化教育:文化民族性与个性化的有效方式

文化教育是人类将文化传授给下一代的一种独特方式 ,它不仅将人类的文化创造传承给下一代 ,而且这种传承还是人类与动物界区别开来的重要形态 ,同时 ,也是文化教育使文化的民族性与个性化成为一种普遍的现象和规律。本文从文化教育起源入手 ,区分文化教育与教育 ,提出了文化习得的概念 ,并对文化教育的意义和价值进行了开掘。     

语言趋同现象的语用效果

语言趋同现象的实质是以社会心理现象为基础的语用适应。本文从语言趋同现象入手分析了趋同现象的产生及跨文化趋同所达到的语用效果     

从第二语言教学谈语言教学与文化的关系

汉外文化差异会直接影响对外汉语教学效果,因此语言教学必须与文化教学紧密结合,不可分割,否则会影响交际,甚至引起文化冲突。本文以汉俄两种语言对比为例,论述了汉外文化差异及其将文化导入语言教学的方法。     

Linguistic differentiation and Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala1

This paper presents a quantitative study of syntactic change in the context of Mayan language revitalization in Guatemala. Quantitative analyses of grammatical variation and code‐switching patterns were used to examine the degree of Spanish influence in the speech of three generations of Sipakapense‐Spanish bilinguals. The younger generations show lower frequencies of code‐switching compared to the oldest generation. In terms of syntactic variation, younger speakers show patterns that suggest a resistance to influence from Spanish. The results suggest that younger speakers are hyperdifferentiating the two languages by avoiding traditional Sipakapense constructions that could be interpreted as resulting from Spanish influence. The analysis highlights the important role of language ideology in cases of language change due to contact and language shift.