The impact of social power and influence on the implementation of innovation strategies: A case study of a UK mega infrastructure construction project

Influence plays a key role in reaching consensus among multiple actors involved in project-based decision-making processes. While prior literature devotes considerable attention to describing influence, little attention has been paid to influence at the individual level of the strategic project manager within the context of megaprojects. This research intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying and describing the influence strategies that a strategic project manager applies when implementing innovation strategies on megaprojects. A qualitative case study was used to examine the complex social processes involved in a major UK capital investment programme. The findings underline a critical subset of influence strategies, notably higher-management support, inspirational appeal and bargaining. The study proposes a utilitarian structure of social power comprising selective, supportive and executory power bases.     

Changing Frameworks in Attitudes Toward Abortion

For more than two decades, legal abortion has been the subject of heated political debate and adversarial social movement activity; however, national polls have shown little change in aggregate levels of support for abortion. This analysis examines how the determinants of abortion attitudes have changed between 1977 and 1996, using data from the General Social Surveys. While in early time periods, whites were more approving of abortion than blacks, that pattern had reversed by the late 1980s. After controlling for other factors, older people are more accepting of abortion throughout the two decades, while gender is generally unrelated to abortion views. Catholic religion weakens slightly as a predictor of abortion attitudes, while religious fundamentalism and political liberalism increase in explanatory power. The associations between attitudinal correlates and abortion approval also change over this time period. Religiosity becomes a less powerful predictor of abortion attitudes, while respondents' attitude toward sexual freedom and belief in the sanctity of human life increase in their predictive power. Support for gender inequality remains a weak but stable predictor of abortion attitudes. This pattern of results suggests that the public is influenced more by the pro-life framework of viewing abortion than by the pro-choice perspective.     

弘扬自然辩证法传统 建设科学技术学学科群

本文回顾了我国自然辩证法学科和学科群的发展过程,分析了其间的广义理论和狭义理解、分歧和共性,探讨了终将从广义上延拓成科学技术学一级学科,从狭义上形成二级学科群的合理性和现实可能性.基于坚定自然辩证法原理作为科学技术学基础理论及学科建设指南的必然性,建议扩大<自然辩证法研究>副标题的内涵,将目前冗长的副标题改变成简洁的"关于科学技术学的理论性杂志".     

交往理性：哈贝马斯的理性重建

哈贝马斯是在分析交往行为和生活世界的过程中建构起交往理性概念的。他是以工具理性和交往理性二元分立为基点,赋予交往理性以对抗工具理性的使命,通过“交往理性”这种新理性观的确立,解除了意识哲学的“先验主体”和“先验理性”的设定,摒弃了主、客体二元对立的思维方式,从而取消了主体中心主义的独裁,从根本上否定了狭隘的传统的“理性”观,也为现代人逃离现代性困境提供了一个可能的方向。     

葬礼:面对死亡的社会安排 ———城市环境下葬礼仪式浅析

通过实地观察和对殡仪馆工作人员的访谈，描绘了天津市城市内部现有的国家规范框架下葬礼仪式的具体过程以及附着在这个框架下的民间习俗的现状，试图通过对国家规范框架下的“正式”葬礼仪式及与其相对的“非正式”仪式——家庭告别仪式的程序形式的简略描述，展现在城市中普通个人的葬礼基于公共环境和家庭环境不同场景所采用的不同仪式过程。这是民间习俗对规范仪式的补充，同时也是“正式”规范对这种“非正式”实践的通融和消化。在描述现状之外，作者试图讨论蕴含在葬礼仪式中，不同死亡个体的葬礼仪式形式、规模及参与者等方面的区分所展现出的一种社会对死亡个体生前所处社会结构地位的认同，这种认同不仅反映了仪式所处社会背景的秩序和结构，也强化了这个社会的秩序和价值判断标准。     

社会治安防范管理的学习型组织

根据学习型组织的特征,分析了社会转型期社会治安防范管理的特点,研究了建立学习型社会治安防范组织的原理,设计了学习型社会治安防范组织体系,提出了学习型社会治安防范组织的学习机制、运作原理和运行机制的设想。     

Weakly implementable social choice rules

Previous investigations have shown that a social choice function which is partially implementable must be characterized by pervasive veto power. This paper investigates how much additional latitude in the design of social choice functions, and how much relief from this vetoers result, can be achieved by examining multi-valued social choice rules and relaxing the requirement of partial implementability to a requirement that we call weak partial implementability. We find that the power structures which characterize partially implementable social choice functions, including the veto properties, also characterize weakly partially implementable social choice rules. The conclusion is that invoking multi-valuedness and implementation of appealing social choice rules in strong Nash equilibria. Our results apparently exhaust the possibilities for implementation in strong Nash equilibrium. If any implementation possibility results are to be achieved, they can apparently come only by weakening the equilibrium requirement.     

自然科学与基督教的关系探讨——以自然科学的起源和前沿为视角

文章首先通过分析自然科学与基督教方法论发展上的相似,来说明近代自然科学在本源上与基督教的紧密联系,论证了近代自然科学在基督教欧洲发生的必然性.其次通过阐述当代自然科学一些前沿问题的研究进展来证明自然科学和基督教世界观的内在一致性.最后试图以基督教和近代自然科学的关系为先导,提出一些具有现实价值的、值得各领域一起合作探索的问题.同时也希望本文能够纠正一些长久以来存在于人们脑海中由于特定宗教、文化和意识形态下以偏概全的观念.