试论严复对中国近代文化的贡献

严复是我国近代伟大的启蒙思想家 ,他翻译《天演论》 ,对中西文化进行比较研究 ,提出中国近代教育思想 ,为中国近代文化的发展做出了贡献     

Basic aspects of evolution strategies

Evolution strategies (ESs) are a special class of probabilistic, direct, global optimization methods. They are similar to genetic algorithms but work in continuous spaces and have the additional capability of self-adapting their major strategy parameters. This paper presents the most important features of ESs, namely their self-adaptation, as well as their robustness and potential for parallelization which they share with other evolutionary algorithms.Besides the early (1 + 1)-ES and its underlying theoretical results, the modern ( + )-ES and (, )-ES are presented with special emphasis on the self-adaptation of strategy parameters, a mechanism which enables the algorithm to evolve not only the object variables but also the characteristics of the probability distributions of normally distributed mutations. The self-adaptation property of the algorithm is also illustrated by an experimental example.The robustness of ESs is demonstrated for noisy fitness evaluations and by its application to discrete optimization problems, namely the travelling salesman problem (TSP).Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing existing work and general possibilities regarding the parallelization of evolution strategies and evolutionary algorithms in general.     

中国国民财富总量、结构及其演进模式研究——基于“自上而下-自下而上”测度范式

“财富-福利等式”表明国民财富与社会福利具有理论等价关系,是评估发展可持续性的最优指示器。我国国民财富研究相对滞后,总量测度与结构分析都亟待深化。本文基于“自上而下-自下而上”范式,依据国情优化关键参数的设定,改进了我国国民财富与分类资本估算,并剖析了省际国民财富结构以识别其演进模式。研究发现:由于资源禀赋与发展阶段有别,省际国民财富结构差异显著;随着经济发展水平提升,国民财富结构先由自然资本主导转向物质资本与人力资本共同主导,进而转变为人力资本主导,最终迈入社会资本主导。各地区应结合自身禀赋与发展阶段做好“投资组合管理”,以此来提升国民财富并优化其结构从而改善经济发展的持续性。     

范文澜及其《中国经学史的演变》的理论启示

范文澜先生既是马克思主义史家,也是马克思主义经学家,他在延安时期通过《中国通史简编》所形成的史学理论不仅指导了后来的马克思主义史学的发展,还在实践上回答了马克思主义者应如何进行经学史研究,即要坚持世界物质统一性原理、坚持斗争是经学发展的动力、坚持实事求是原则、坚持辩证思维方法等。这些史学理论指导经学研究的理论意义,对我们今天实现经学史的创造性转化、创新性发展仍有着重要的启迪意义。     

议《企业会计制度》之改革创新

《企业会计制度》相对于以往行业会计制度有很多改革创新之处 ,主要表现在 :进一步与国际惯例接轨 ;统一了过去不同所有制、不同行业、不同组织方式和经营方式的多种《企业会计制度》;限制公允价值的引入 ,避免公允价值计价给企业转移利润、操纵利润创造条件 ;在资产期末计价、计提减值准备、融资租赁固定资产入帐价值确定中引入现值概念 ;广泛计提资产减值准备 ,在资产项目中除货币资金外均规定了减值准备的计提 ,全面贯彻谨慎性稳健原则 ;引入实质重于形式原则 ,使收入、资产定义 ,借款费用、租赁业务核算更加科学、合理 ;严格区分利得与收入 ,尽量避免对利得的确认 ,减少企业操纵利润的空间。     

女性创业动机的演化博弈模型

女性创业动机始终是女性创业研究的一个重要视角。文章将演化博弈模型引入女性创业动机研究,对女性创业动机的演化博弈过程进行了分析。结果显示：女性是否将创业作为理想的就业选择（最优解）,取决于女性自身条件和环境状态的博弈,只有当女性自身条件和环境状态都有利于创业时,创业才是女性就业策略决策博弈的最优解。要激发女性的创业动机和扶持女性的创业行为,就必须致力于不断改善女性的创业条件和创业环境。     

公平偏好、强互惠倾向和农民合作社生产 规范的演化分析

面对农民合作社的现实发展困境,在充分考量我国农户社会心理的基础上,将公平偏好和强互惠倾向纳入合作社农户的效用函数中;构建了合作社农户的生产行为演化博弈模型,分析了不同情形下合作社生产规范的演化逻辑;然后通过数值实验演示了公平偏好、强互惠倾向、守规农户初始比例等参数的变化对合作社生产规范演化趋势的影响。研究发现,守规农户越强的不公平厌恶程度以及搭便车农户越低的内疚程度,越容易导致合作社陷入全体农户生产低质量产品的困境;守规农户的强互惠倾向有利于维持合作社的稳定性;初始阶段较大的守规农户比例、生产高质量产品较低的额外成本以及较高的质量价格加成系数都有助于合作社向良性的生产规范演化。     

Core self-evaluations mediate the association between leaders' facial appearance and their professional success: Adults' and children's perceptions

Although the link between facial appearance and success is well established, the mechanisms responsible for this association have remained elusive. Evolutionary theory suggests that perceived leadership characteristics should be important for men's self-concept. Drawing on implicit leadership theory and evolutionary perspectives, we therefore examined the associations between first impressions based on facial appearance, core self-evaluations (CSEs), leadership role occupancy, and career success among a sample of working men. In Study 1, we found that CSEs mediated the relationship between individuals' facial appearance and measures of their success as leaders. In Study 2, we replicated these results using children's ratings of facial appearance, thus suggesting that basic properties of the targets' faces communicated their leadership ability more than the perceivers' life experience or acquired knowledge. These results suggest that people may use facial appearance as a diagnostic tool to determine the leadership ability of others.     

凡勃伦进化的科学观探析

托尔斯坦·凡勃伦是美国老制度经济学的创始人,他把达尔文的进化论引入经济学,并用进化的观点思考科学和社会现象.托尔斯坦·凡勃伦的科学观可以从四个方面解读:现代科学注重实际的特征;以达尔文进化论为界的科学史观;科学与文化的相生相随;明确的反科学主义的主张.     

我国农村社会保障制度的演变及评价

通过对我国农村社会保障制度的演变过程分析,探讨了我国农村社会保障在制度建设和发展过程中存在的诸多问题和制约因素,提出了发展我国农村社会保障制度的总体思路和构想.