美国恐怖小说大师斯蒂芬·金《手机》的创作手法探析

斯蒂芬·金的小说《手机》是一部提高惊悚"段位"的艺术作品,他风格独到的创造促使惊悚小说全面升值,同时也涵盖了一些现代式创作的含量。在情景的设置中作者通过人们日常所用的手机,将科技和文学进行巧妙的结合,利用独到的创新手法塑造出一个熟悉而又陌生的科幻艺术空间。小说将重点放在了对那些再也不能平常的幸存者的刻画上,最终,随着整个故事情节慢慢落下,那些在死亡中挣扎过来的人一定能在最后寻到问题的答案。     

Courage in the Telling: The Critical Rise and Fall of David Leavitt

Openly gay American fiction writer David Leavitt, who had received positive reviews for his previous novels and short story collections, was sued in 1993 over his novel While England Sleeps by English poet Stephen Spender, who claimed that Leavitt plagiarized an episode from his own 1951 memoir World Within World, and grafted pornographic fantasies onto his biography. The accusations created a homophobic backlash against Leavitt, whose career has yet to recover fully. The result is that Leavitt, who had once been viewed as the one gay writer to find a footing in the mainstream literary community, is now firmly positioned in the gay literary subgenre and his work categorized as such. This essay examines book reviews in order to illustrate the difficulties that a writer who deals with gay life frankly and unapologetically finds in being accepted by the mainstream literary establishment, no matter how normal or assimilationist he or others might perceive his work to be.     

自然主义在斯蒂芬·克莱恩《红色英勇勋章》中的体现

作为美国自然主义小说的先驱,斯蒂芬·克莱恩采纳“实验小说”的风格创作了《红色英勇勋章》。小说探索了自然主义的本质：自然的不可抗拒及人类对自然的依赖性;语言朴实无华,简洁明了,通俗易懂,体现了自然主义小说的特征。     

New deal public relations: A glimpse into FDR press secretary Stephen Early's work

Long-time confidant and press secretary to US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early served throughout FDR's 12-year administration. As such, he was chief White House communicator during the implementation of the president's New Deal policies and throughout World War II. In March 1934, on the first day of his second year as secretary, Early started a diary. He added to it until the end of the decade. This study examines 131 of Early's diary entries over its 6 years to construct a glimpse of his professional and personal life as a high-level government communicator. Compilations of his most common activities are made and compared over time, and a discussion of Early's day-to-day professional work, private time, and contributions within the context of modern public relations practice are included.     

Political assessment by international firms: Models or methodologies?

Political risk is defined in terms of managerial contingencies arising from political events and processes. A number of “first-generation” assessment methodologies are reviewed and compared in terms of their degree of structure (explicit model of process) and systemization (formalization of methodology). The paper concludes that, at this point, effective political assessment is more likely to result from explicit specification of causal relationships and implementation of systematic analytical procedures than from development of increased methodological sophistication or elegance.     

Are services to prevent foster care effective?

The prevention of foster care became an important issue for child welfare services during the 1970s. Two main types of prevention models have emerged: crisis intervention programs intended to prevent imminent placement and intensive service programs designed to avert those crisis situations that precipitate placement. A critical analysis of several project evaluations leads to the conclusion that neither model has been markedly successful. Low nominal project placement rates seem attributable to inability to predict placements and to client selection biases. From a strictly financial perspective, preventive services have been considerably more expensive than regular services, including temporary family foster care. Data from a new demonstration project in New Jersey illustrate various problems in providing and evaluating preventive services to families referred to protective service agencies. Implications of the findings for prevention programs and policies are discussed, and a new direction focused on truly early intervention with children and families is proposed.     

Quality of life indicators and program evaluation

Social indicators and program evaluation research have much in common. Quality of life work specifically raises the question of objective versus subjective variables, aggregate data versus distributional and individual issues, and the reference standards used in judgment and evaluation decisions. This article presents perspectives on these issues from the orientation of quality of life research and proposes that these approaches have relevance for program evaluation work.     

Enabling everything: scale,disability and the film The Theory of Everything

This article looks at the representation of scale in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything, identifying moments that relate to three concerns: firstly, how disabled people experience scale issues at an all too practical level in daily life; secondly, how Hawking’s experience of scale at the level of both body and mind is (a)typical of the way it is experienced by disabled people generally; and, thirdly, how a focus on the film can prompt some rethinking of perspectives both within disability studies and within the conceptualisation of scale more broadly.     

论《红色英勇勋章》中的反讽艺术

斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《红色英勇勋章》具有鲜明的反讽特征：言语反讽、情境反讽、结构反讽及哲理反讽。通过层层反讽的交织运用,克莱恩含蓄有力地批判和解构了关于战争、人性、自然宇宙以及社会人生的传统理念和信条,表现出作者对人类社会及其生存状态超然、动态的思考和关怀。     

乔伊斯对理性的观照

在《艺术家年轻时的写照》中,斯蒂芬的思想变化与发展通过颇具象征意义的宗教静修表现了出来.斯蒂芬的宗教体验可谓一种古老叙事模式的再现,因为乔伊斯笔下的宗教静修带有《圣经》叙事模式的痕迹.另外,尽管乔伊斯分别在《艺术家年轻时的写照》开头和该书第三章对斯蒂芬的五种感官体验进行了精彩描述,但他改变了这几种感官体验的排列顺序.斯蒂芬感官体验顺序的变化暗示了他的身体发育过程与其精神发展历程之间的差别:前者显现出一条笔直上升的直线,而后者则呈现出一条螺旋上升的曲线.可见,乔伊斯聚焦个体,彰显个性,观照理性,突出了人之为人的独特魅力.