Research of stroke combined hyperlipidemia-induced erectile dysfunction in rat model

Abstract

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the influences of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rat model of stroke combined with hyperlipidemia (HLP).

Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control and hyperlipidemia (HLP) groups. HLP model was constructed by feeding with high-fat and cholesterol diets. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and non-HDL were identified to check the model was success. Stroke model was established by FeCl₃. ICP/MAP value was detected to evaluate the erectile function of rats. Serum level of lipoproteins and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining of corpus cavernosum and measurement of penis length were utilized to assessment erectile function. Western blot was used.

Results: TC, TG, LDL, and non-HDL-C in serum were up-regulated, while HDL level was attenuated. After treatment, the serum lipid level recovered. From the ICP/MAP values, the erectile function of both two treatment groups recovered. The expression of PDE5A was up-regulated, while the levels of eNOS and cGMP were suppressed after surgery. The length of penis was decreased, and corpus cavernosum was damaged following HLP and stroke. However, the erectile function was recovered after treatment.

Conclusion: Stroke combined HLP caused ED through NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway.     

Energizing the ordinary: Biographical work and the future in stroke recovery narratives

Historically, the life course has been constructed as an organized and linear temporal progression. This holds true in various disciplines from education, to psychology, to counseling. The foundation of a life unfolding through temporal categorizations is documented in textbooks and theories that straddle these disciplines as well as many others, including the sociology of health and illness, which has often conceptualized the illness experience as embedded in a recovery trajectory.Here, we take this to task. Using Gubrium and Holstein's [Sociol. Inq. 65 (1995) 207; Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J., (1997). The new language of qualitative method. New York: Oxford University Press] analytic vocabulary of biographical work, we analyze narratives of stroke survivors by emphasizing the ordinary resources used as discursive foundations for the narrative production of the future in illness. Ordinary resources focused on include God and spirituality, comorbidities, and activity and leisure. The discussion is embedded in overarching concerns with “healthy aging” in gerontology and geriatrics.     

Assessing Type I error and power of multistate Markov models for panel data—A simulation study

Ordinal outcomes collected at multiple follow-up visits are common in clinical trials. Sometimes, one visit is chosen for the primary analysis and the scale is dichotomized amounting to loss of information. Multistate Markov models describe how a process moves between states over time. Here, simulation studies are performed to investigate the Type I error and power characteristics of multistate Markov models for panel data with limited non-adjacent state transitions. The results suggest that the multistate Markov models preserve the Type I error and adequate power is achieved with modest sample sizes for panel data with limited non-adjacent state transitions.     

104例急性脑卒中后抑郁状态患者血清中血脂的变化研究

目的 探讨急性脑卒中后抑郁状态患者血脂水平及临床意义.方法 对104例卒中后抑郁状态(PSD)患者、49例卒中后无抑郁状态患者及28例正常人进行血脂检测,并做对照分析.结果 PSD患者血清胆固醇(TC)水平高于对照组和非抑郁组,而血清中甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C))较非抑郁组和对照组无明显差异,并且各血脂浓度与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)的得分及自评抑郁量表(SDS)的得分无相关性.结论 脑卒中后抑郁可引起血清胆固醇水平升高,但与抑郁障碍的严重程度无相关性.     

Communicating risk—coronary risk scores

Summary. Cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attack and stroke, is the major cause of death in adults in Europe. The underlying atherosclerosis which causes cardiovascular disease is difficult to treat or reverse, and this has led to intense interest in strategies to prevent its development. The major causes of cardiovascular disease—a high fat diet, tobacco smoking and high blood pressure—are now well known. Control of these risk factors has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke. It is now possible with simple information (age, sex, blood pressure level, cholesterol level and information on smoking) to predict the risk of heart attack or stroke fairly accurately. The challenge for the future is to make the information available on risk prediction and on how to reduce risk accessible to lay people, so that they may choose, if they wish, to adopt a life style that will reduce their risk. Such a life style involves healthy food choices, avoidance of overweight, the promotion of leisure exercise and complete avoidance of tobacco. Drug treatments can be extremely effective in controlling both blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but they should be seen as an adjunct to life style measures rather than a primary means of achieving prevention. Practical prevention will only be achieved through dynamic partnerships between the medical profession, Government, voluntary bodies, teaching institutions, insurance companies and paramedical bodies. An outline about how cardiac societies can participate in this process is appended.     

简化字与繁体字笔画数的动态统计与比较

文章以《GB13000.1字符集：汉字字序（笔画序）规范》中给出的20902个汉字的笔画数为基础,对实际语料中所用汉字（简化字）与对应的繁体字笔画数进行了统计与对比。纯粹对照的1128个繁体字与简化字平均画数的相差画数是6.69画;高频对照的3479个繁体字与简化字平均画数的相差画数是2.19画。这说明实际语料中,即使全部使用繁体字,每字的画数只多2.19画,多近30%。这些数据可以为简化字与繁体字的教学与研究提供重要的参考数据,也可以为汉字的整理、笔形编码等提供重要的参考。     

Bayesian Model Averaging in Proportional Hazard Models: Assessing the Risk of a Stroke

In the context of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a comprehensive investigation into the risk factors for strokes, we apply Bayesian model averaging to the selection of variables in Cox proportional hazard models. We use an extension of the leaps-and-bounds algorithm for locating the models that are to be averaged over and make available S-PLUS software to implement the methods. Bayesian model averaging provides a posterior probability that each variable belongs in the model, a more directly interpretable measure of variable importance than a P -value. P -values from models preferred by stepwise methods tend to overstate the evidence for the predictive value of a variable and do not account for model uncertainty. We introduce the partial predictive score to evaluate predictive performance. For the Cardiovascular Health Study, Bayesian model averaging predictively outperforms standard model selection and does a better job of assessing who is at high risk for a stroke.     

Development,Implementation, and Outcomes of Post-stroke Mood Assessment Pathways: Implications for Social Workers

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in the stroke population and can have a significant impact on the patient and their family’s long-term outcomes, however the screening for these conditions does not meet best practice recommendations. To address this deficit, this study developed “Post-Stroke Mood Assessment Pathways” and embedded them into practice by utilising the PARiHS framework (for the implementation of evidence-based practice), in conjunction with staff training. The study examined the rates of mood screening, clinical interviews, and completion of interventions for stroke patients through a retrospective chart audit (n?=?213) one year prior to, and one year post-implementation (n?=?238) of the pathways. The data show statistically significant increased documentation around mood screening and clinical interview 95% CI [4.86, 19.88], p?<?.0012 and specifically, an increase in the number of patients who had a clinical interview following the introduction of the pathways 95% CI [8.05, 19.69], p?<?.0001.     

Statistical frameworks for setting cutoff points of metabolic syndrome criteria

We propose three statistical frameworks for determining the cutoff points of metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria, consisting of six components that are the same as in widely used MetS definitions, e.g., the 2004 updated NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Several international organizations have proposed MetS definitions; no literature indicates that any of these definitions is based on statistical frameworks. For all the three frameworks, the cutoff points are set to maximize the observed prevalence rate of stroke and DM. The three frameworks differ in assumptions on the joint distribution of the six components. Using the cohort data from a regional hospital in Taiwan, we illustrate applications of the three frameworks and compare them with the updated NCEP-ATPIII definition and the 2009 consensus definition of IDF and AHA/NHLBI. The performance measure is the odds ratio, the odds of getting stroke or DM within subjects with MetS divided by the analogous odds for subjects without MetS. Our numerical results show that the odds ratios of the three frameworks are higher than those of the updated-NCEP and consensus definitions, showing that the proposed frameworks seem to provide a better association of MetS with stroke and DM.     

两种训练方式对男大学生每搏输出量的影响

为了探讨同属有氧训练的短期耐力和力量性耐力训练对男大学生每搏输出量(SV)的影响，该研究分别在训练前、训练6周后和训练8周后测试了20名男大学生的SV．结果发现：耐力训练6周后SV就有显著性提高，而力量性耐力训练8周后SV才有显著性提高．这提示：短期耐力训练和力量性耐力训练都能提高SV，但存在一个不同的训练时间阈．