经济全球化、区域化与发展中国家的对策

经济全球化与区域化是呈现在人们面前的活生生的现实,它引起了学者和政治家的广泛关注,因为如何认识和对待这个现实,关系到各国的发展前途和命运。本文着重阐述了经济全球化的内涵、动因及效应;经济区域化的进程和发展趋势;经济全球化与区域化的关系和发展中国家应采取的对策。     

当代美国中小学生道德养成的学校策略——托马斯·里克纳的理论与实践

托马斯·里克纳在确立尊重与责任为核心价值观的基础上,把由道德认知、道德体会与道德行为三要素有机结合而成的“品格教育”视为中小学生道德养成理论的核心内容。根据这一理论,托马斯·里克纳提出了开展隐性教育,营造校园道德文化气氛、课程教育、民主模式的课堂生活、故事讨论法及角色模拟训练等道德养成的途径和方法。这些理论与实践策略对当前我国中小学生道德教育有着重要的借鉴意义。     

基于企业学习策略的集群持续创新机制及实证研究

由于集群网络的复杂性,集群创新机制的研究目前较为缺乏,有限的研究也往往假设集群企业具有同质性.本文提出,集群企业依据其在集群网络中的位置采用不同的学习策略,领导型企业更加侧重于探索式学习,跟随型企业更加侧重于利用式学习,两者的分工和异质性互动构成了集群持续创新的内在机理.本文在个体和企业层次双重学习研究的基础上,结合集群特有的组织条件,提出集群双重学习的机制,据此将集群企业进行分类,并建立集群中企业学习的理论模型,接着选取国内某地化工产业集群的236家企业作为样本,运用结构方程模型对集群中企业进行分类检验和比较研究.研究结果表明,集群中不同类型企业的学习策略存在差异,集群网络的作用是产生这一差异的可能原因;集群中不同类型企业的学习策略具有互补性,有利于企业间互动和集群的持续创新.     

Organizational Elaboration as Social Movement Tactic: A Case Study of Strategic Leadership in the first US School-sponsored Program for Gay and Lesbian Youth

This research contributes to our understanding of two central and related problems in the study of social movements: tactical innovation and strategic leadership. Focusing on the leadership history (1984–2003) of the founder and director of the first US public school program for gay and lesbian youth, called Project 10 and located in the Los Angeles, California public school system, this case study illustrates the importance of leadership agency on the part of those ‘organizing from within’. Analyses herein indicate the significance of both institutional constraints and life course circumstances in determining leadership choices. This paper maps organizational obstacles and the tactical dilemmas they produced to explain how successful strategic choices get made. The case of Project 10 indicates that institutional constraints can be overcome tactically with organizational elaboration. Additionally, hybridity, assumed in the literature to produce organizational precariousness, is shown here to be a mechanism for stability, facilitating networks and resource acquisition over time.     

Parental spanking and subsequent risk for child aggression in father-involved families of young children

This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose–response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03–3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking.     

养鱼高产的稻田水稻减产原因与对策探讨

试验研究及大面积调查一致表明:鲜鱼亩产20～150kg,鲜鱼产出量与稻谷增产率呈极显著线性负相关关系,y=11.375～0.1543x,r=-0.9951;结果还表明,有效穗不足是养鱼高产的稻田水稻减产的实质性原因。为此初步提出了相应对策。     

Paternal and Household Characteristics Associated With Child Neglect and Child Protective Services Involvement

ABSTRACT

This study examined the association of paternal and household characteristics with household-level measures of child neglect and Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement, measured when the index child was 5 years of age. Secondary analyses of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study were conducted using a subsample of 1,089 residential, biological fathers. Logistic regression models indicated that paternal depression was associated with greater than doubled odds of child neglect and CPS involvement. Paternal alcohol use and parenting stress were associated with approximately 50% increased odds for child neglect, and a scale measuring 13 caregiving tasks to reflect positive father involvement with the child was also associated with less risk for child neglect. However, paternal alcohol use, parenting stress, and positive involvement with the child were not associated with CPS involvement. An implication of this study is that paternal psychosocial functioning is important to consider in conjunction with sociodemographic factors when examining maltreatment risk in two-parent families.     

Recognising Strategy and Tactics in Constructing and Working with Involuntary Social Work Clients

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the author’s academic work on working with involuntary clients, which began with a knowledge exchange project in Scotland. I reflect back on this work and use it as a way to explore subsequent reflections on the field. These move beyond consideration of the skills required to undertake such work through locating the category of involuntary clients within wider, yet contradictory, governmental discourses on client engagement. These are identified as the strategy that sets the context for such work. But the strategy is enacted through the day-to-day tactics of social workers on the ground; such tactics, enacted in everyday encounters, are constitutive of effective but also ineffective engagement with clients. The discussion goes on to problematise the distinction between voluntary and involuntary clients and to suggest that effective social work practice, whatever the nature of that involvement, requires that clients are recognised at an ethical and relational level.

IMPLICATIONS

• The term involuntary client(s) cannot be taken for granted but is constructed and needs to be understood in particular and often contradictory policy and professional contexts.

• Effective but also ineffective ways of working with involuntary clients go beyond the acquisition or demonstration of particular skills but are embodied in the everyday relational practices of social workers.

• Ethical engagement with involuntary clients proceeds from a sense of mutual recognition.

     

国外企业创名牌的战略和策略

在企业市场化和国际化的过程中,名牌有着巨大的经济和社会效应。本文通过对国外名牌的案例分析,概括总结了国外名牌的一般特征、国外企业创名牌的战略和策略。作者把名牌战略分为5种模式以质取胜型、规模领先型、技术先导型、价廉物美型和服务至上型。从策略上看,有广告宣传、公关策划、捐助、展示等。     

农村经济精英政治参与存在的问题及化解策略

随着改革开放的深入,农村经济精英的参政水平不断提高。但由于政治、经济、文化等各方面的原因,我国农村经济精英的政治参与还存在着参政态度冷漠、参政方式无序、参政目的功利等问题,影响了农村政治民主化的进程。因此,必须采取多种措施,形成规范和监督农村经济精英政治参与行为的合力,使农村经济精英的政治参与成为一种自主性与控制性互渗的有序参与。具体措施有：培育参与型政治文化,提升农民政治素质;拓宽有序政治参与渠道,加大对农村经济精英的政治吸纳;加强制度建设,规制农村经济精英的政治参与行为;转变基层政府角色,加强对农村经济精英参政的管理和指导;规范政府管理行为,强化对权力的监督和制约。