赏析邱吉尔的"对德宣言"

邱吉尔的Speech in H itler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.是一篇语言与结构俱佳的演讲稿。从分析其文体的角度出发,引导读者赏析原文中大量使用的平行,重复,押韵,比喻等修辞手法是如何使演讲稿达到音,形,义的完美结合,从而在听众心里产生强烈的共鸣。     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

指类句的修辞性嬗变

指类句可加以改造而获得特定修辞效果,"全都……,只有……"这一句式就是一例。此类修辞效果是通过"全都……"增强语句的语义信息到极致获得反衬,继而通过"只有……"突显例外现象实现的。指类句是对一类事物属性的隐性全称量化,同时又容忍例外现象。对指类句的元语用分析表明,在元语用层次,理解指类句的认知机制、指类句理解的心理逻辑和语言使用的会话修辞逻辑使得这种改造成为可能。     

无锡市某区残疾人辅助器具需求分析

目的:探索不同状况下残疾人辅助器具的需求差异,找出原因,为制定辅助器具服务政策和合理配发辅助器具提供客观依据?方法:基于全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求专项调查,通过横断面调查获取无锡市某区9个街道(镇)残疾人及疑似残疾儿童的调查问卷6 188份?调查内容包含基本信息?残疾类别?残疾等级?教育文化程度等?采用SPSS22.0 统计软件进行Logistic回归分析?结果:残疾人的辅助器具需求受到残疾种类(P < 0.001)?残疾等级(P < 0.001)?年龄(P = 0.024)?就业情况(P = 0.002)和前一年是否获得辅具(P < 0.001)的影响,性别(P = 0.805)?婚姻状况(P = 0.459)?社保状况(P = 0.195)与教育文化状况(P =0.451)无影响作用?结论:听力?视力?肢体?多重残疾会导致辅助器具需求升高,重度残疾?儿童和老人?未就业和前一年获得辅具都能预示人群较高的辅具需求?     

Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns(with Discussion)

This paper describes a technique for computing approximate maximum pseudolikelihood estimates of the parameters of a spatial point process. The method is an extension of Berman & Turner's (1992) device for maximizing the likelihoods of inhomogeneous spatial Poisson processes. For a very wide class of spatial point process models the likelihood is intractable, while the pseudolikelihood is known explicitly, except for the computation of an integral over the sampling region. Approximation of this integral by a finite sum in a special way yields an approximate pseudolikelihood which is formally equivalent to the (weighted) likelihood of a loglinear model with Poisson responses. This can be maximized using standard statistical software for generalized linear or additive models, provided the conditional intensity of the process takes an 'exponential family' form. Using this approach a wide variety of spatial point process models of Gibbs type can be fitted rapidly, incorporating spatial trends, interaction between points, dependence on spatial covariates, and mark information.     

Narratives from the neighbourhood: The discursive construction of integration problems in talkback radio1

This paper examines how speakers deploy narrative devices in talking about Sudanese refugees. Particularly, we show how narrative constructions form an important basis for the advancement of accounts about integration problems into the local polity. We analyse talkback ‘phone‐in’ calls to a local Adelaide radio station that provide callers an opportunity to give accounts of events and social phenomena that concern them in their local settings. Analysis shows that speakers regularly deployed narrative constructions, first‐hand ‘witnessing’ devices that functioned to legitimate accounts as veridical versions of events, and contrast devices to explicate the moral and behavioural aberrance of Sudanese refugees. The analysis illustrates how these discursive devices function rhetorically in interaction, in ways that differentiate Sudanese refugees as problematic. Through this analysis, we contend that narrative devices precipitate and bolster socio‐political policies that have serious, negative consequences for Sudanese refugees.     

文体视角下的法律英语

法律英语与普通英语有着迥然的区别,在词汇、构词法、词义差异、句式、措辞和修辞上形成了法律英语独特的文体风格。法律英语文体的形成,既有历史原因,又有社会因素、政治因素和法律因素。     

克拉申第二语言习得理论引论

克拉申第二语言习得理论作为语言习得的重要理论,主要来自人们对语言学习者认知过程和心理的研究。文章介绍克拉申第二语言习得理论的背景、构成,以及克拉申第二语言习得理论的局限性,并指出其在语言学界的重要意义。     

基于PXI总线的虚拟数字示波器软件设计

提出了一种基于PXI总线的虚拟数字存储示波器实现方法。介绍了示波器数据采集板原理和底层驱动程序开发过程。结合设计的虚拟示波器面板,阐述在各种用户控制命令和状态下,数据的采集、处理以及波形和测量结果的显示等示波器功能的实现。     

ispLSI器件测试板的研制

介绍了MODEL－IE1型ISP和EDA测试板的结构原理及其电路,说明该测试电路的使用方法。