细胞因子对运动训练的反应

从细胞因子的产生、作用特点及其对运动训练刺激所产生的生物学反应等方面。阐述了细胞因子对运动训练的反应受许多因素的影响，这一过程及其机制十分复杂．随着研究的深入，许多发现势必促使人们对运动损伤及其康复、运动与健康促进等一系列问题产生新的研究兴趣．     

企业技术创新的知识产权保护

技术创新是企业按照市场需求将科技成果转化为商品并首次实现其商业价值的动态过程。知识产权保护制度对企业技术创新和经济发展具有巨大推动作用。企业可以根据自身特点采取不同的技术创新模式, 在技术创新的不同阶段利用不同的知识产权保护方式。     

代位求偿权行使条件之比较

本文首先阐明代位求偿权的涵义。在此基础上，针对我国法律关于代位求偿权的相关规定以及国内学者对代位求偿权行使条件的理解，比较借鉴英国法律，分析我国法律所确立的代位求偿权行使条件，提出自己的观点和看法。     

全民健身的现状及发展对策

社会经济的发展需要体育,体育的社会地位日益突出,体育已融入人们的生活方式,这是当今体育蓬勃发展的主要原因。在此基础上分析全民健身的现状,提出全民健身的对策。     

Physical exercise,nutrition and hormones: three pillars to fight sarcopenia

Background: Sarcopenia is a pathophysiological condition diffused in elderly people; it represents a social issue due to the longer life expectancy and the growing aging population. It affects negatively quality of life and it represents a risk factor for other pathologies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. No silver bullet exists to hinder sarcopenia, but it may be counteracted by physical exercise, nutrition, and a proper endocrine milieu. Indeed, we aim to analyze the scientific literature to give to clinician effective advices to counteract sarcopenia.

Main text: Physical exercise, proper nutrition, optimized hormonal homeostasis represent the three pillars to fight sarcopenia. Physical exercise represents the most effective remedy to face sarcopenia, in particular if it is combined with a proper diet and with an adequate endocrine milieu. Consistency in training, adequate daily protein intake and eugonadism seems to be the keys to fight sarcopenia. The combination of these three pillars might act synergistically.

Conclusions: Optimization of these factors may increase their efficiency; however, scientific data may be sometimes confusing so far. Therefore, we aim to give practical advices to clinician to identify and to highlight the most important aspects in each of these three factors that should be addressed.     

铜陵公务员体育锻炼现状及健康状况的研究

本文通过对铜陵市279名在编公务员的问卷调查和跟踪访谈,对公务员的体育锻炼动机、影响体育锻炼的影响因素、体育锻炼场所、项目、形式及健康体检等结果做系统性的分析,寻找出公务员这一人群体育锻炼与身体健康存在的问题,并提出可行性的建议,为改善公务员的身心健康提供一定的科学依据。     

国内市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的影响及作用机制

本文从中国经济特有优势出发,系统梳理和归纳了国内市场一体化影响出口技术复杂度的理论机制,并利用中国2003-2016年30个省份（西藏除外）的面板数据,构建中介效应模型,对理论预期进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：国内市场一体化显著促进了出口技术复杂度的提升,并且随着时间的推移,这种促进作用逐渐增强。市场一体化对出口技术复杂度的影响存在行业及区域差异性。市场一体化对技术密集型行业出口技术复杂度的提升作用最为突出。内陆地区的市场一体化系数显著为正,而沿海地区市场一体化的正向影响效应不显著。市场一体化除了直接对出口技术复杂度发挥促进作用,还可以通过技术创新效应、需求驱动效应、制度改进效应等机制促进出口技术复杂度提升,其中技术创新的中介效应最为有效。本文的研究结论对中国推进国内统一大市场建设,实现贸易强国目标和经济转型发展具有借鉴意义。     

On the Joint Estimation of Heterogeneous Technologies,Technical, and Allocative Inefficiency

In this article, we provide a semiparametric approach to the joint measurement of technical and allocative inefficiency in a way that the internal consistency of the specification of allocative errors in the objective function (e.g., cost function) and the derivative equations (e.g., share or input demand functions) is assured. We start from the Cobb–Douglas production and shadow cost system. We show that the shadow cost system has a closed-form likelihood function contrary to what was previously thought. In turn, we use the method of local maximum likelihood applied to a system of equations to obtain firm-specific parameter estimates (which reveal heterogeneity in production) as well as measures of technical and allocative inefficiency and its cost. We illustrate its practical application using data on U.S. electric utilities.     

Relearning to Live Life Without Substances: A Grounded Theory of the Impact of Group Physical Exercise on Sobriety

Research has found significant benefits in using exercise as an adjunct treatment for substance use. This study used a qualitative grounded theory approach to explore the role of group exercise on maintaining sobriety. Sixteen persons (13 White men and 3 White women, age M = 31.81, SD = 8.23), recruited from a substance use recovery group that meets at a gym in an urban area in the Southeast part of the United States, were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed using Charmaz’s (2006) constructivist grounded theory strategies. Central themes revealed a parallel process between the steps taken to seek sobriety and those taken to maintain sobriety. The driving forces of sobriety success in both was 12 steps and group exercise programming that included elements of mentorship, structure, accountability, and fellowship or community. This study supported the use of physical group exercise as an adjunct treatment option for substance use treatment.