文学理论的解构——伊格尔顿文学思想研究

伊格尔顿是西方当代重要的理论家，由于其对意识形态研究的独特贡献，人们一般把他归为西方马克思主义学派。其实作为一个高产、多产、与时俱进的理论家，解构才是他的精髓，他在一次次的解构-坚守-建构-再解构中保持了理论的创新性和生命力。伊格尔顿对文学理论的解构则是其解构思想的主要体现。     

An analysis of variables affecting length of stay in foster care

The purpose of this paper was to find out whether the relationship between type of contact with agency and/or child in foster care and average number of contacts over time makes any difference in length of stay in foster care. Four types of contacts were examined: Family—Agency, Family Initiated—Agency, Social Worker—Initiated, and Family—Child. Results indicated that there were critical numbers for each contact type found to be statistically significant that would tend to reduce the length of the child's stay in foster care. The importance of contact during the first month of placement was emphasized.     

伊格尔顿的文学生产论

文学生产论是伊格尔顿在上个世纪70年代比较关注的一个理论问题,属于伊格尔顿早期的文学理论。它建立在对本雅明、布莱希特、阿尔都塞和马歇雷文学生产论扬弃的基础上,包含了两个层面:(1)作为一般社会生产的文学生产;(2)作为对意识形态的生产、加工的文学生产。伊格尔顿力图阐明这两者之间的关系,同时也与文学创造论划清了界限。     

“意识形态终结论”的终结——特里·伊格尔顿的马克思主义意识形态观

在20世纪末“意识形态终结论”、“马克思主义终结论”叫嚣的西方学术界,英国马克思主义文论家特里·伊格尔顿在“意识形态”概念中注入了阶级关系、权力结构以及话语理论等内涵,强调意识形态的政治属性,发展了具有鲜明马克思主义特征的文学的意识形态生产理论,用生产的观念连接了基础和上层建筑的复杂关系,有力证明了基础／上层建筑理论的正确性。他批判了后现代主义对意识形态的怀疑,有力阐明了意识形态理论是人类解放工程的一部分,证明了马克思主义在后现代社会的现实有效性,从而终结了“意识形态终结论”,捍卫了马克思主义文论的当代价值。     

Analysing partial ranks by using smoothed paired comparison methods: an investigation of value orientation in Europe

Summary. This paper introduces the paired comparison model as a suitable approach for the analysis of partially ranked data. For example, the Inglehart index, collected in international social surveys to examine shifts in post-materialistic values, generates such data on a set of attitude items. However, current analysis methods have failed to account for the complex shifts in individual item values, or to incorporate subject covariates. The paired comparison model is thus developed to allow for covariate subject effects at the individual level, and a reparameterization allows the inclusion of smooth non-linear effects of continuous covariates. The Inglehart index collected in the 1993 International Social Science Programme survey is analysed, and complex non-linear changes of item values with age, level of education and religion are identified. The model proposed provides a powerful tool for social scientists.     

An empirical Bayes' procedure for ranking players in Ryder Cup golf

We describe a model to obtain strengths and rankings of players appearing in golf's Ryder Cup. Obtaining rankings is complicated because of two reasons. First, competitors do not compete on an equal number of occasions, with some competitors appearing too infrequently for their ranking to be estimated with any degree of certainty, and second, different competitors experience different levels of volatility in results. Our approach is to assume the competitor strengths are drawn from some common distribution. For small numbers of competitors, as is the case here, we fit the model using Monte-Carlo integration. Results suggest there is very little difference between the top performing players, though Scotland's Colin Montgomerie is estimated as the strongest Ryder Cup player.     

Analysis of the importance of on-field covariates in the German Bundesliga

In modern football, various variables as, for example, the distance a team runs or its percentage of ball possession, are collected throughout a match. However, there is a lack of methods to make use of these on-field variables simultaneously and to connect them with the final result of the match. This paper considers data from the German Bundesliga season 2015/2016. The objective is to identify the on-field variables that are connected to the sportive success or failure of the single teams. An extended Bradley–Terry model for football matches is proposed that is able to take into account on-field covariates. Penalty terms are used to reduce the complexity of the model and to find clusters of teams with equal covariate effects. The model identifies the running distance to be the on-field covariate that is most strongly connected to the match outcome.     

解析伊格尔顿对当代文化危机的一种理解范式

伊格尔顿认为当下文化理念的剧烈膨胀与追求文化差异密切相关,而文化差异具体体现为某种特殊的生活方式。在追求文化差异的过程中,不能忽略文化的普世性,更不能抛弃传统与历史。这一观点将传统文化观的宏观意识、崇高意识、精英意识与当代文化的微观形态有机统一起来。伊格尔顿关于文化差异性的定义,以及关于价值观、文化相对主义、文化产业以及文化政治等方面的理性思考,唤起了人们对后现代社会可能产生的文化危机的警觉。这些都为我们认识后现代条件下的文化问题和开展文化研究提供了崭新视角。     

走向文化政治诗学——伊格尔顿与他的文化政治批评

在当代西方文化批评的舞台上,英国学者特里·伊格尔顿坚持马克思主义文化批评原则和政治批评立场,表现了明显的文化政治诗学特色,引起了当代西方文学批评理论界的广泛关注。他的文化政治批评强化了审美话语的现实介入功能和美学批判的现代意义,并对当代美学批判精神的赓续和弘扬具有一定的启发意义,但存在着明显的缺陷,从而影响了他的文学批评理论的完整性。     

Optimal design for the Bradley–Terry paired comparison model

Paired comparisons are a popular tool for questionnaires in psychological marketing research. The quality of the statistical analysis of the responses heavily depends on the design, i.e. the choice of the alternatives in the comparisons. In this paper we show that the structure of locally optimal designs changes substantially with the parameters in the underlying utility. This fact is illustrated by elementary examples, where the optimal designs can be completely characterized. As an alternative maximin efficient designs are proposed which perform well for all parameter settings. Research supported by grant Ho 1286 of the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).