托马斯·阿奎那论宗教与政治

作为神学家和西方教会的代言人,阿奎那深入讨论了宗教与政治的关系问题,包括如何协调教权与王权的关系、如何对待异教徒、如何对待叛教者等。针对不同情况,他的政策也不相同,但其目的只有一个:在保持基督教国家内部稳定的前提下,打击异教力量和异端分子,维护和加强教会的势力。     

An Inquiry into Liberty,Slavery, and Thomas Jefferson’s Place in American Memory

Abstract

This article presents a guided inquiry into Thomas Jefferson’s place in American memory. It centers on Jefferson’s liberty-based articulations and his involvement in slavery, which are paradoxical when juxtaposed. Evocative primary sources and competing secondary sources ground the inquiry. Discipline-specific strategies direct students through the stages of inquiry. Close reading, text-based writing, and informed action intertwine with history literacy, historical thinking, and historical argumentation. Discussion focuses on logical curricular extensions.     

浅析里克纳家庭品格教育理论及其启示

本文对里克纳《美式家庭:品质教育家长对策》一书阐述的理论及其启示加以论述。     

A win ratio approach to comparing continuous non‐normal outcomes in clinical trials

Clinical trials are often designed to compare continuous non‐normal outcomes. The conventional statistical method for such a comparison is a non‐parametric Mann–Whitney test, which provides a P‐value for testing the hypothesis that the distributions of both treatment groups are identical, but does not provide a simple and straightforward estimate of treatment effect. For that, Hodges and Lehmann proposed estimating the shift parameter between two populations and its confidence interval (CI). However, such a shift parameter does not have a straightforward interpretation, and its CI contains zero in some cases when Mann–Whitney test produces a significant result. To overcome the aforementioned problems, we introduce the use of the win ratio for analysing such data. Patients in the new and control treatment are formed into all possible pairs. For each pair, the new treatment patient is labelled a ‘winner’ or a ‘loser’ if it is known who had the more favourable outcome. The win ratio is the total number of winners divided by the total numbers of losers. A 95% CI for the win ratio can be obtained using the bootstrap method. Statistical properties of the win ratio statistic are investigated using two real trial data sets and six simulation studies. Results show that the win ratio method has about the same power as the Mann–Whitney method. We recommend the use of the win ratio method for estimating the treatment effect (and CI) and the Mann–Whitney method for calculating the P‐value for comparing continuous non‐Normal outcomes when the amount of tied pairs is small. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

理性与信仰有高低之分吗?——从托马斯与洛克的看法说起

理性与信仰孰高孰低是古往今来的哲学经常论及的问题.尽管不同的哲学对这一问题的看法往往大相径庭,但在谈论这一问题时,均未对问题本身提出过质疑.我们可以把托马斯所讲的信仰理解为作为人的认识的神的认识,而由于神的认识高于人的认识,所以人的信仰高于人的理性.洛克则认为,信仰是有根据的意见,因而从属于理性.实际上.在现实的认识中,既没有脱离信仰的纯粹的理性,也没有脱离理性的纯粹的信仰,因而很难分出理性与信仰的高低.     

A Mann–Whitney type effect measure of interaction for factorial designs

We propose a measure for interaction for factorial designs that is formulated in terms of a probability similar to the effect size of the Mann–Whitney test. It is shown how asymptotic confidence intervals can be obtained for the effect size and how a statistical test can be constructed. We further show how the test is related to the test proposed by Bhapkar and Gore [Sankhya A, 36:261–272 (1974)]. The results of a simulation study indicate that the test has good power properties and illustrate when the asymptotic approximations are adequate. The effect size is demonstrated on an example dataset.     

Distress or disability? Could a theoretical framework drawn from disability studies be a way forward when trying to understand experiences of oppression on the grounds of mental distress?

This article explores whether it is possible to use a theoretical framework drawn from disability studies to understand experiences of social oppression on the grounds of mental distress. Thomas’ extended social relational theoretisation of disablism was used in a PhD project concerned with experiences of mental distress. The tentative conclusion was that Thomas’ conceptualisation of disablism and impairment could offer a way of improving understanding of mental distress and oppression on the grounds of mental distress. However, Thomas and Reeve’s theorisation of the different forms of disablism was not readily transferred to the field of mental distress. Thus, tentative definitions of the different forms of disablism in relation to the field of mental distress were created. Perceived impairment type and disablism appear to be interconnected, and one has to acknowledge what kind of perceived impairment type one is focusing on when theorising disability and the different types of disablism.     

历史书写与记忆塑造(下)——古腾堡在近代中国

三清末民初编译、书写的西洋历史书籍及有关文类,虽然一般都称道古腾堡印刷术的贡献,将古腾堡印刷术与中国印刷术进行对比,但并没有将古腾堡印刷术导源于中国,尽管个别人曾将火药、罗盘这两大发明归于中国西传。然而,这样的历史书写模式并没有一以贯之。特别是在20世纪     

西方重商思潮与明清（1840年前）经贸研究——以托马斯·孟的晚期重商主义为例

借用西方经济思想考察明清时期的经贸增长不失为一种研究视角。在这方面。托马斯·孟的晚期重商主义理论具有重要的借鉴意义，我们觉得：明清帝国在客观上不自觉地成为了“贸易差额论”特殊的实践者，其“生产人口与技艺对于财富增加与经济增长重要性”的理论，在明清江南地区亦得以证实。