Communication of risk: health hazards from mobile phones

Summary. Possible health hazards from mobile phones arise from the use of the phones themselves and via the base stations that relay signals. Except for an increase in traffic accidents induced by the use of mobile phones in cars the evidence for a health hazard is at most indirect, but it cannot be entirely dismissed; the phones have not been widely used for sufficiently long for direct epidemiological studies to have high sensitivity for detecting any induced incidence of cancer, for example. The background and evidence are briefly reviewed and the steps taken in the UK to make information widely available described.     

交通拥堵与雾霾污染的因果关系——基于收敛交叉映射技术的经验研究

交通拥堵与雾霾污染是制约现代城市发展的两大顽疾,准确识别交通拥堵与雾霾污染之间的交互影响,有助于城市管理者重新审视现行治堵与治霾政策的合理性。本文借助大数据平台采集了我国99个城市的高德拥堵延迟指数（CDI）、空气质量指数（AQI）及六种分项空气污染物浓度日报数据,首次采用收敛交叉映射（CCM）方法实证考察了交通拥堵与雾霾污染之间的因果关系。研究发现,CDI与AQI以及CDI与分项污染物组成的动态系统均呈现明显的非线性与弱耦合特征。基于CCM检验结果,大多数城市的CDI与AQI之间不存在显著的因果关系;从分项空气污染物的角度,大多数城市的CDI与主要空气污染物之间不存在显著因果关系,但与次要空气污染物之间却存在显著的单向或双向因果关系。上述结果表明,尽管交通拥堵与雾霾污染之间有一定关联,但在因果关系上现有的经验证据并不支持两者相互影响,治堵和治霾不能“一箭双雕”而必须“双管齐下”。本文的研究在经验上丰富了关于交通拥堵与雾霾污染交互影响的讨论,对城市管理者更加谨慎与合理地制定治堵政策与治霾政策有重要现实意义。     

Austin Turk,stratification reinforcers and reversals,and traffic ticket decisions by Boston police during April and May of 2001

Austin Turk theorizes that places in stratification hierarchies affect police–citizen encounters by reinforcing or reversing the positional authority of police officers. To this point, however, there have been only three direct tests of the stratification portions of Turk's theory. Two examined overt conflict and all represented Turk's concepts using aggregated measures. The results are mixed. The present research adds a fourth test to the stratification and policing literatures by examining the effects of aggregated as well as disaggregated measures of stratification reinforcers and reversals on traffic ticket decisions by Boston police officers during April and May of 2001. Net of important control measures, there is no support for Turk's theory using the aggregated stratification measures employed in previous research. However, support for Turk's theory is clearly visible when viewed through the lens of some of the disaggregated stratification measures advanced for the first time in present research. We conclude that more research is needed to determine whether stratification reinforcers and reversals are among the factors affecting people in police blue and the people they police, with a sustained focus on both aggregated and disaggregated measures.     

可编程逻辑阵列实现路口管理

介绍用两片GAL16V8芯片实现的十字路口交通管理器。一片GAL做成基于“最大长度移位寄存器型计数器”的可变模计数器，一片GAL做成控制器产生状态变量及红绿灯信号。电路简单，运行可靠。     

学习贯彻"三个代表"重要思想推进云南交通新的跨越式发展

推进云南全面小康社会建设,必须加快交通建设步伐。云南交通建设的重点是公路建设,全面提高全省公路的质量和等级。要适应新的形势和要求,推进公路建设的市场化、集约化、生态化、社会化进程。     

Entropy as a measure of centrality in networks characterized by path-transfer flow

Recently, Borgatti [Borgatti, S.P., 2005. Centrality and network flow. Social Networks 27, 55–71] proposed a taxonomy of centrality measures based on the way that traffic flows through the network—whether over path, geodesic, trail, or walk, and whether by means of transfer, serial duplication, or parallel duplication. Most of the extant centrality measures assume that traffic propagates via parallel duplication or, alternatively, that it travels over geodesics. Few of the other flow possibilities have centrality measures associated with them. This article proposes an entropy-based measure of centrality appropriate for traffic that propagates by transfer and flows along paths. The proposed measure can be applied to most network types, whether binary or weighted, directed or undirected, connected or disconnected. The measure is illustrated on the gang alliance network of Kennedy et al. [Kennedy, D.M., Braga, A. A., Piehl, A.M., 1998. The (un)known universe: mapping gangs and gang violence in Boston. Crime Prevention Studies 8, 219–262].     

MPLS中流量工程的应用

针对传统Internet在流量工程方面的不足和越来越多新业务对流量工程的需求 ,文章分析了MPLS在流量工程方面的应用 ,详细介绍了实现MPLS流量工程的两种信令协议———CR -LDP和RSVP扩展 ,并通过对它们的基本特征、可扩展性和可行性方面的比较 ,得出CR -LDP优于RSVP扩展的结论。     

A New delay control method for real-time flows

This paper presents a novel control algorithm to decrease the worst-case delay bound for high rate homogeneous and heterogeneous real-time flows when the network traffic load becomes heavy. The algorithm is adaptive based on the instantaneous network situations. It employs a generalized form of traditional (σ,ρ) regulator called the generalized (σ,ρ,λ) regulator that operates like the (σ,ρ) regulator under the normal network traffic load situation, but provides more regulations for the heavy network traffic load situation. For a set of real-time flows, we can show that D _rg ≤D _g where D _rg and D _g are the worst-case delay bounds with the (σ,ρ,λ) regulator and the (σ,ρ) regulator respectively. More specifically, we have developed a set of formulas to set the parameters for the new regulator so as to reduce the worst-case delay bounds for the real-time flows. We can prove that there exists a threshold input rate ρ^* such that D _rg = D _g for ρ≤ρ^* and D _rg < D _g for ρ > ρ^*. When the average input rate of real-time flows is very high, the generalized regulator can effectively control the delay. The extensive experiment data match our theoretical results. The part of this paper has been appeared in The 23 ^rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003. The work is supported by CityU strategic grant Nos: 7001777 and 7001709 and CityU ARP Project No. 9610027. H. Wang was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10471088, 60572126) and CityU strategic grant no. 7001709. Wanqing Tu is now with Department of Computer Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Clear Water Bay, New Territories, Kowloon, Hong Kong.     

交通肇事罪犯罪主体辨析

准确界定交通肇事罪犯罪主体涵义对于交通肇事罪的司法适用具有重要意义,依据交通事故形成机理,结合刑法规定,交通肇事罪主体是指航空人员与铁路职工以外,所有参与交通活动或可以对交通工具安全行驶施加影响,其行为违反交通运输管理法规,作用于交通工具,发生重大交通事故的人.     

清末上海城市交通事故与社会舆论——以《申报》相关报道为线索

城市新式交通工具的普及,在方便出行、延伸出行距离、扩大人们交往范围的同时,也带来了难以避免的交通事故。以人力车、马车为代表的非机动车辆作为城市主要交通工具的时期,由它们所引发的交通事故导致的对人身和财产的伤害,一时间为广大市民和社会舆论重视和关注,但舆论关注的重点、倾向以及两群体本身之间有明显的不同。