中国防治荒漠化的法律应对——来自UNCCD的启示

不断加剧的全球性荒漠化,严重侵蚀着人类惬意的生活环境,面对这场快速恶化的灾难,中国也难以幸免.在这场"荒战"中,由于中国荒漠化防治法律体系存在诸多疏漏,使得法律的保障功能无法完全在防治工作中发挥其应有的作用.UNCCD作为第一份荒漠化治理的全球性公约,具有众多的创新之处,为世界各国的防治荒漠化工作提供了崭新的视野.故此,我们应当在借鉴UNCCD先进经验的基础上,提升中国荒漠化防治的法制建设和法治效果,有效地改善荒漠化严峻的形势,为公民创造美好的生活空间.     

Framing socioecological complexity: The long-term evolution of multiple dimensions of desertification risk in Italy

Desertification risk depends on the interplay of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers, among which climate change, soil depletion, landscape modifications, and biodiversity decline are key factors of change in Southern Europe. The present study introduces a diachronic analysis of desertification risk in Italy adopting a multidimensional approach based on four dimensions (ecological, economic, demographic, and administrative) assessed at three dates (1961, 1991, and 2011). These risk components were evaluated separately in Southern Italy, a formerly affected region (sensu United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), and Northern/Central Italy, a nonaffected region in the country. All risk measures document how the divide between affected and nonaffected regions in Italy has gradually reduced. Because of local warming and rising human pressure, Northern Italy has recently displayed a level of desertification risk close to those observed in Southern Italy over the last 30 years. These results suggest a thorough revision of the national classification of risky areas, that may inform more specific mitigation and adaptation policies responding effectively to recent socioenvironmental trends and local (economic) dynamics. The intrinsic system's evolution observed at both regional and national level in Italy may be generalized to a broader European context. Our work finally documents the appropriateness of a multidimensional definition of desertification risk grounded on the joint analysis of ecological, demographic, economic, and administrative indicators. A comprehensive knowledge of socioeconomic patterns and processes of change contributes to more precise scenario modeling and design of integrated strategies mitigating desertification risk.