Identities in the third space? Solidity,elasticity and resilience amongst young British Pakistani Muslims

Over the last decade the issue of identity has been prevalent in discussions about British Muslims, with the events of 9/11 serving as a touchstone for media debates about religious, national and cultural affiliations. The 7/7 terrorist attacks in the UK led to young British Pakistanis being subjected to intense public and institutional scrutiny and wider political concerns being expressed about the failure of multiculturalism. Young British Pakistanis have thus had to negotiate and maintain their identities in an environment in which they have been defined as a threat to national security whilst simultaneously being pressurized to align with 'core British values'. Within this context, we convey the findings of a qualitative study involving British Pakistanis living in the North-west of England. In presenting the experiences and perspectives of participants, three interconnected processes salient to the maintenance of identity are delineated: solidity, elasticity and resilience. Having unpacked these processes, we draw upon Bhabha's third space thesis to explore the political potentiality of and the limits to hybridic identities.     

论阿里·沙里亚蒂的社会思想

阿里·沙里亚蒂伊斯兰革命的三大著名理论家之一,也是伊斯兰革命早期最重要的理论家.他的激进思想对革命力量动员,特别是对伊朗知识青年以及左翼革命游击队产生了巨大影响.他的社会思想主要通过定义"乌玛"来表达,对当时的伊朗社会也有着非常独特的分析和结论.本文主要探讨了沙里亚蒂的理想社会"乌玛"的主要内容,以及他对伊朗社会的独特体认.     

乌玛观念与伊斯兰宗教共同体的构建

"乌玛"是伊斯兰思想体系中最重要的观念之一,对伊斯兰社会的形成和发展具有重要影响.《古兰经》确立了"乌玛"作为伊斯兰宗教共同体的观念,而麦地那时期乌玛观念的实践则为穆斯林后代树立了典范.在古代伊斯兰社会,大征服和帝国的伊斯兰化虽使伊斯兰乌玛的规模得到扩大,但政权分立、教派分化和族裔对立却使统一的乌玛走向分裂.近代以来西方的入侵和控制以及伊斯兰世界民族主义和世俗主义思潮的兴起,大大激发了伊斯兰世界重建乌玛的激情和斗志.为此,他们不断尝试泛伊斯兰主义、现代伊斯兰主义以及全球化时代以信息网络为依托的伊斯兰统一.     

乌玛观念与伊斯兰宗教共同体的构建

“乌玛”是伊斯兰思想体系中最重要的观念之一,对伊斯兰社会的形成和发展具有重要影响。《古兰经》确立了“乌玛”作为伊斯兰宗教共同体的观念,而麦地那时期乌玛观念的实践则为穆斯林后代树立了典范。在古代伊斯兰社会,大征服和帝国的伊斯兰化虽使伊斯兰乌玛的规模得到扩大,但政权分立、教派分化和族裔对立却使统一的乌玛走向分裂。近代以来西方的入侵和控制以及伊斯兰世界民族主义和世俗主义思潮的兴起,大大激发了伊斯兰世界重建乌玛的激情和斗志。为此,他们不断尝试泛伊斯兰主义、现代伊斯兰主义以及全球化时代以信息网络为依托的伊斯兰统一。