The WHO/WTO Study on Trade and Public Health: A Critical Assessment

This article provides a brief critical examination of a 2002 report jointly issued by the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization on WTO law and public health. The author argues that the report is in many respects misleading as to the content of WTO law, as interpreted by the Appellate Body of the WTO, its final court. In particular, the WHO/WTO report systematically understates or underestimates the margins of regulatory autonomy that WTO member states have to make regulations that protect public health.     

WHO食品安全事故管理制度探析

全球食品安全事故管理制度对于保障全球食物安全起着非常重要的作用,该领域国际软法的兴起,弥补了全球食品安全监管的软肋,WHO在这一领域有着尤为特殊的贡献,由国际软法构建的WHO食品安全事故的监测、应变和处理机制对防治全球性食品安全事故以及维护人类生命健康发挥了重要作用,但其具有明显的临时性、倡导性等“软性”特征.基于国际软法理论的发展及食品安全全球治理的现实需求,应当从完善WHO食品安全监管领域国际软法的角度推动现行全球食品安全事故管理制度的完善.     

Are Private Interests Clouding the Peer-Review Process of the WHO Bulletin? A Case Study

Readers’ trust on the medical literature has been eroded, and journal editors and some editorial boards are taking measures to ensure that authors fully and accurately report research findings and disclose conflicts of interest. This article describes a case study in which the papers editor of the World Health Organization (WHO) Bulletin influenced the content of an article that had been approved by the external reviewers. The editor objected to the publication of the large price differentials of the new molecular entities (NMEs) across the Latin American countries where they had been tested and the limited added therapeutic value of the NMEs that had been assessed by independent drug bulletins. This article summarizes the exchanges with WHO staff and posits the hypothesis that the WHO Bulletin might be affected by the shifts in WHO financing. Several authors have raised concern about the impact of financial conflicts of interest in WHO activities in the field of nutrition, intellectual property, and in the emergency response to the flu pandemic. Moreover, it has been reported that powerful WHO contributors pressured WHO into revising its publication policy. This is the first time that authors question if these conflicts of interest are also affecting the editorial independence of the WHO Bulletin.     

中国城市基层政府治理变革的新形态——以"WHO国际安全社区促进项目"建设为例

伴随着非营利组织和公民社会的不断强大,传统管制型的政府体系已经很难适应日益复杂的公共服务诉求,如何调整组织形态,以合作治理导向促进公共服务的有效供给是世界在探讨的共同话题. 分析当前基层政府治理过程中存在的问题,同时以中国城市基层政府正积极推行的"WHO国际安全社区促进项目"为例,剖析城市基层政府在这一项目建设过程中,所展现的一种合作导向的治理结构和内容变化趋势,从中寻求适应当前城市化特征的基层政府治理新形态.     

国务院《人体器官移植条例》与WHO《指导原则》的差异比较

《人体器官移植条例》和WHO《指导原则》在供体来源、权益保护、补偿制度等方面存在差异,为更大限度地发挥器官移植在促进健康方面的作用,我国应实行明确同意和推定同意并行体制,确定脑死亡标准,适当扩大活体供体范围,并建立一定的补偿制度。     

伦理审查工作的视察与评价——生物医学研究审查伦理委员会操作指南的补充指导原则

人体生物医学研究伦理委员会的职责与工作程序在我国GCP以及一些国际指南如赫尔辛基宣言、国际医学科学组织委员会的人体生物医学研究国际伦理指南,以及WHO的生物医学研究审查伦理委员会操作指南中都有明确的描述.由于对法规、指南的理解与实施的不同,各地伦理审查工作存在很大差异.国内目前尚没有对伦理委员会工作进行检查与评估的制度与体系,因而难以保证伦理审查对受试者起到真正的保护作用.此为世界卫生组织对伦理审查工作的视察与评价,包括目的、方法、操作规程、实施等11个方面.     

Advocacy strategies for health communication

This article presents a new way of using advocacy communication strategies for health communication. The traditional perspective on advocacy, promoted in mainstream public relations and marketing circles, is being replaced by a more interactive and integrated view on the role of advocacy communication. Newer theoretical and applied contributions to the health communication field support the need to explore (a) a broader understanding of the role of communication to promote and sustain health behavior; (b) a broader social scientific approach to public health as a social construct and the social determinants of health with stronger emphasis on health policies and management such as governance, accountability and leadership; and (c) policy perspectives that deal with resource allocation, human resources and capacity building, enabling environments for health communication, and recognition of the value and contribution of health communication to public health.     

基于国际规范内化理论的我国与WHO的合作发展

国际规范内化有助于将国际社会反响强烈?与公众利益紧密相关的国际规范?理念?承诺等融入本国,在一定程度上促进本国兑现国际承诺,继而促进国际规范?理念?承诺等在全球层面获得新进展?文章基于国际规范内化理论试析了环境和卫生领域国际规范内化的案例,梳理出不同领域国际规范?理念等在中国内化的路径,总结出国际规范在中国内化的特点,并基于这些特点提出加深与WHO未来发展合作的建议?