统计调查课程的现状与调整思路

文章从统计调查课程设置的现状出发,介绍了当前随着社会经济的发展和统计调查方法体系的改革,统计调查理论体系以及统计调查课程设置的不足,叙述了统计调查课程调整的思路。要实施这个思路,必须重视统计调查对象内容的变化,并注重借鉴国外成熟的经验。为适应形势的发展,随着现行统计调查方法体系的调整与完善,对统计调查课程也要作相应的调整。     

The transition to parenthood in Puerto Rico: Occupational status and the timing of first births

This study examines the relationship between occupational status and fertility timing during a period of rapid development in Puerto Rico. Our fundamental hypothesis is that women with higher status occupations face greater opportunity costs than those with less valued jobs and therefore will be more likely to postpone parenthood until later ages than women without such high costs. We test this hypothesis using event history techniques with data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, an island-wide survey of women between the ages of 15 and 49. The analysis examines the effects of occupational status on the timing of first births, and finds strong support for the basic hypothesis, especially regarding the post-ponement of teen births. After the teen years, the effects are less pronounced. Overall, it appears that employment opportunities have played an important role in childbearing decisions in Puerto Rico.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, 30 April–2 May 1992.     

浅谈性骚扰与妇女法的修改

在国际人权领域,性骚扰已被看作针对妇女的一种严重的性暴力.在国内,随着几起性骚扰案例在媒体上的大肆传播,人们对性骚扰已不再陌生.但是,迄今为止,中国法律对性骚扰的规定还是一片空白.因此,在我国已将"人权"写进宪法修正案的时代背景下,借着此次妇女法的修改,适时地引入性骚扰,有利于更好地维护妇女人权,也与妇女人权的时代潮流相适应.     

现代女性步履的真实文本——茅盾笔下的女性形象与同时代女作家创作的比较

本文通过对 2 0世纪 2 0至 30年代现代女作家小说创作和茅盾小说中的新女性形象特征的比较分析 ,提出文学史上的男性主体作家 (从数量上来说 )中 ,取现实主义的客观、严峻态度进行创作的部分作品 ,有可能成为女性文学创作与研究的鉴本     

Network diversity,contact diversity,and status attainment

We propose that diversity in social relations measured by network diversity and cross-race/cross-gender contacts affords job seekers higher contact status that in turn brings better status attainment outcomes. Controlling for traditional strength of tie measures and other confounders, the empirical study confirms that (1) network diversity in race and gender are significantly associated with actual utilization of cross-race/cross-gender contacts in job search, (2) use of cross-race/cross-gender contacts is significantly related to higher contact status for nonwhite and female job seekers, but (3) contact status (activated social capital) partially provides jobs of higher SEI scores for white job seekers. Similarly, male job seekers obtain better jobs through female contacts, but the same does not apply to female job seekers. These findings show relative return deficits of social capital experienced by racial minorities and females even when they exert extra effort to obtain heterogeneous social relations and contacts.     

Gender,status, and psychiatric labels

We examine a key modified labeling theory proposition—that a psychiatric label increases vulnerability to competence-based criticism and rejection—within task- and collectively oriented dyads comprised of same-sex individuals with equivalent education. Drawing on empirical work that approximates these conditions, we expect the proposition to hold only among men. We also expect education, operationalized with college class standing, to moderate the effects of gender by reducing men’s and increasing women’s criticism and rejection. But, we also expect the effect of education to weaken when men work with a psychiatric patient. As predicted, men reject suggestions from teammates with a psychiatric history more frequently than they reject suggestions from other teammates, while women’s resistance to influence is unaffected by their teammate’s psychiatric status. Men also rate psychiatric patient teammates as less powerful but no lower in status than other teammates, while women’s teammate assessments are unaffected by their teammate’s psychiatric status. Also as predicted, education reduces men’s resistance to influence when their teammate has no psychiatric history. Education also increases men’s ratings of their teammate’s power, as predicted, but has no effect on women’s resistance to influence or teammate ratings. We discuss the implications of these findings for the modified labeling theory of mental illness and status characteristics theory.     

西方传媒语境中伊斯兰妇女问题文化辨析

西方传媒不但对《古兰经》所渗透着的女性关怀精神的本源性思想进行了“恶毒中伤”,还传布伊斯兰教反妇女论来“蓄意丑化”其自成体系的妇女观。本文力求全面梳理伊斯兰文化妇女观的主导精神与西方传媒所给定的“反妇女论”间互错的原因、表现、实质等一系列的问题,从“本源与变异”的全新视角来重新审视伊斯兰妇女问题,力求达到正本清源的学术目的。     

自治市法律地位刍议

民族自治地方城市化是我国城市化的重要组成部分。我国自治地方城市化水平相对滞后,原因之一是宪法和自治法没有赋予自治市以自治地方的法律地位。宪法和自治法赋予自治市以自治州、自治县同样的法律地位,是自治地方城市化的必由之路和必然选择。     

Status and competitive choice

In this paper, we extend the logic of existing sociological theory on status to explain how status processes can inform selection in competitive choice situations. We argue that in the absence of knowledge about the specific abilities of others and assuming a desire to win, when given the opportunity to “pick their battles,” people will draw on overt status differences as a basis for selecting a competitor from a pool of possible competitors. Results from three studies indicate that, as predicted, status differences affect competitor selection, with individuals choosing to compete against those who are relatively lower status based on diffuse characteristics. Moreover, consistent with expectation state theories, results from two studies show that the expectations that people form for their potential competitors based on status differences mediate this relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research.     

中国的地位身份分析——兼论中国国家利益诉求范围

只有在充分认识自身实力的基础上与国际社会中其他国家进行比较,国家的实力地位身份才能正确定位。通过纵向和横向比较,中国的地位身份可以界定为:快速崛起的具有影响力的发展中社会主义大国,但中国的国家利益诉求和辐射范围仍然以亚太区域为主。