Beyond ‘bikelash’: engaging with community opposition to cycle lanes

This article explores the phenomenon of ‘bikelash’, or organised community opposition to cycle lanes. Urban residents commonly cite bicycle lanes, a space on the road reserved for cyclists, as the infrastructure most likely to encourage them to cycle. Yet the introduction of cycle lanes is often controversial. This article explores the phenomenon of bikelash, asking: Why does it occur? And what are the best ways to respond to it? A critical review of the literature on ‘contested’ cycle lane projects is undertaken in order to explore how this phenomenon can best be conceptualised within a mobilities framework.     

论现场工程师的伦理视野——以电动自行车的设计与管理为例

考察电动自行车的设计与管理过程,可知工程活动的现场性决定了现场工程师的职业责任和社会责任,即工程师须综合运用知识技能服务社会,满足特定社会需求,适应复杂多变的社会环境。为此,应赋予工程师相应的职业权力,即改革社会管理体制,让工程师参与工程决策与管理;健全相关的法律,保障他们能够独立地进行技术判断和决策等。同时,现场工程师不仅要有技术创新的能力以应对工程现场的问题,更应拓展伦理视野,坚持造福社会的基本宗旨,遵循生命安全的原则,提高伦理认知与价值选择能力,以适应复杂的社会利益关系。     

城市公共自行车系统定价模式比较研究

面对城市交通拥堵的压力,国内外越来越多的城市建设了公共自行车系统.从公共定价角度,可以将中国公共自行车系统定价模式分为不收费的公共池塘资源模式、低收费的准公共物品模式和高收费的私人物品模式.本研究选取武汉、杭州、北京三座城市为典型案例代表,对其公共自行车定价模式进行分析.研究发现,不收费的公共池塘资源模式与高收费的私人物品模式都不适合中国公共自行车系统的运行.鉴于此,为了促进城市公共自行车系统的有效运行,政府应积极参与并给予适当的财政补贴与政策扶持,公共定价始终不能偏离公共性宗旨.     

Sexual Concerns and Counseling Needs of Normal Men Attending a University Student Health Service

Abstract

The responses of 582 male university students attending the UCLA Student Health Service for medical evaluation are presented. Of these students, 37% (215) were freshmen and varsity athletes having pretraining physicals, and 63% (367) were students being evaluated in the SHS primary care clinics. A self-report questionnaire examined the frequency of sexual problems experienced by the respondents and their partners. The most common concerns expressed about themselves were orgasmic difficulties, feeling too interested in sex, and trouble getting and keeping erections. Forty-one percent of the SHS group and 33% of the athletes group had sexual concerns, and, of these, 55% and 40% respectively wanted help with their problems. Specific counseling needs of students were also evaluated.     

基于订单数据分析的共享单车重置调度优化研究

无桩共享单车打破了传统公共自行车基于固定桩点提供骑行服务的限制,但如何重置调度随机分布于整个区域面上的共享单车则成为决策者面临的一大难题,而数据驱动的优化方法则为解决这一问题提供了可能。本文首先通过对居民使用共享单车的订单数据进行深入分析,挖掘用户出行规律,继而界定出区域内共享单车的收车点与放车点;进一步地,借鉴报童模型思想构建放车点单车投放的收益函数,在此基础上建立带取送货的共享单车重置路径规划模型并设计算法进行求解。通过算例测试,本文从重置车辆的最大载重量、单位距离成本、重置车辆里程限制、收车点个数以及收车点所拥有的共享单车数等多角度,为共享单车的重置调度提供有效的决策建议。     

在批判的姿态背后——我看王晓明的文学批评

一般说来,批评家的批评姿态常常会受到政治和文化环境的影响,但就王晓明而言,这些影响并非表现为外来的羁绊,而是表现为学者自身生活经验的投射。所以王晓明曾一再强调个人体验和艺术感受力的重要性。他把这一点看作是文学批评和文学史写作的基石。     

A Dental Program Evaluation and Follow-up

Abstract

College-aged individuals are at risk for bicycle-related head injuries, but the risk of such injuries can be reduced by their use of bicycle helmets. The objective of this research was to measure the rate of bicycle helmet use by university bicyclists at a large public university in the southwestern United States at three different times. Bicyclists riding onto campus were observed as they rode through a main campus entrance in 1985, 1990, and 1994, and the percentage of bicyclists who were wearing a helmet was recorded. The bicyclists were unaware that their helmet use was being monitored. In 1985, 10% of bicyclists were wearing helmets; in 1990, only 4.4% wore helmets. In 1994, the proportion of helmet-wearing bicyclists had increased to 24%. Although the sample sizes were small, the 1994 increase was statistically significant. The reasons for the increase are unclear, and further study is needed to identify factors related to university bicyclists' use of bicycle helmets.     

共享电单车的政府监管研究

共享电单车是传统电动自行车与"互联网+"技术相融合而形成的创新事物,但却在各地推广时处处受阻。在宏观调控层面,当前政府实行不鼓励发展共享电单车的产业政策,这一政策的形成受到公共安全、环境污染、国家标准、监管理念四重因素的影响。然而,基于保障公民出行权、履行生存照顾责任、发展分享经济,以及包容审慎监管的要求,政府应当实施鼓励发展的产业政策。在微观规制层面,政府监管共享电单车的行政立法和行政执法均面临合法性不足的问题：不鼓励规范与《立法法》相悖、执法措施违背了公法原理、放任不管涉嫌行政不作为。毫无疑问,共享电单车的运营需要有效的政府监管,为促进共享电单车的健康发展,应从监管依据、监管主体、监管原则、监管措施等四个方面构建完善的监管体系。     

共享单车运营立法规制管窥

近年来迅速发展的共享单车在运营中在为市民出行带来便利的同时,亦存在挤占城市公共空间、妨碍城市交通安全等突出问题,通过对国家一元多层次的立法体制分析,研究共享单车运营立法的科学规制。研究认为,共享单车运营的立法层次属于地方立法,应当由设区的市、自治州的人民政府制定规章,且主要在其市区内实施;共享单车运营的立法内容,应遵循绿色、共享、鼓励、规范、安全等基本原则;相关立法还需要明确将共享单车纳入城市道路发展规划,适当控制投放数量,明确共享单车运营法律关系中存在的监管者、运营者和使用者主体的法律责任;监管者应对运营者租金的收取与押金去向等行为进行合理监管,建立合理的共享单车运营竞争机制,依据城市交通系统现状以及共享单车饱和度等因素,设立共享单车运营企业的准入机制,促进共享单车与其他城市交通的有效兼容,实现城市交通公共资源配置的系统化、规范化、合理化。     

轻型快速交通工具的法律属性辨析——以电动自行车为例

目前我国对道路交通工具的分类方法是以驱动力为划分标准而做出的机动车和非机动车的两分法,而电动自行车作为新式的交通工具,其物理性质介于机动车和非机动车之间,对其法律属性的界定涉及到效率、安全等法律价值的博弈和人身权与财产权的冲突,因此应突破传统的概念两分法模式,将电动自行车的性质界定为“准非机车”。