Ethnic patterns in the phonetics of Montreal English

Most North American cities no longer display strong ethnic differentiation of speech within the European‐origin population. This is not true in the English‐speaking community of Montreal, Canada, where English is a minority language. Differences in the phonetic realization of vowels by Montrealers of Irish, Italian, and Jewish ethnic origin are investigated by means of acoustic analysis. A statistical analysis of ethnic differences in formant frequencies shows that ethnicity has a significant effect on several variables, particularly the phonetic position of /u:/ and /ou/ and the allophonic conditioning of /æ/ and /au/ before nasal consonants. The unusual tenacity of ethnophonetic variation in Montreal English is explained in light of the minority status of English, and the social and residential segregation of ethnic groups in distinct neighborhoods, which limits their exposure to speakers of Standard Canadian English who might otherwise serve as models for assimilation.     

45钢动态摩擦中Kaiser效应的分析

摩擦过程中是否存在Kaiser效应对于应用声发射技术检测动态摩擦过程是一个非常重要和基础的问题。为此，进行了大量的实验研究，并对这些数据进行了整理和分析。结果表明：动态摩擦中不存在Kaiser效应。     

Head Cocoons

ABSTRACT

Listening with the aid of headphones was at the heart of the early radio culture of the 1920s. After those years, however, earphones became the exception as loudspeakers became the norm. For quite some time thereafter, the wiring of hearing was limited to the use of monaural earbuds in situations where the use of loudspeakers would have disturbed others. In West Germany, the binaural headphone started to make a comeback in the late 1960s due to the growing fragmentation of family life along with the widening range of electronic leisure possibilities and the rise of hi-fi culture. It was only at the end of the twentieth century, however, that binaural headphone listening emerged as the dominant culture of listening and caught up with the burgeoning mobile urban life style.

Taking the case of West Germany, this article asks: What is the impact of ear-wiring on social life? And, what new kinds of perception result from headphone listening? It traces how the use of earphones turned from being a static “technique of listening” into a mobile “technique of acoustic privatization.” Ultimately, this article interprets today's portable headphones as “head cocoons” that enable mobile listeners to actively carve out sonic privacy while on the move.     

试谈《释名》被训词和主训词的关系

从语音、语法和语义三方面考察《释名》被训词和主训词的关系,可以看出《释名》在解释单音词时是以语音为线索来探求事物得名之由,释词时不管词性,只以语音为线索,声训时,贯穿了“因声求义”、“音近义通”的原则,即以声音为线索,以语义为核心来探求事物的得名。     

声学各向异性介质中的S波

声学VTI介质是人为定义横波在对称轴方向的速度V_S0的一种模型。传统理论认为当V_S0=0时可以消除横波能量。论证声学VTI介质的存在，并讨论其特殊的性质，可以看到在声学VTI介质中SV波的相速度和群速度并不是恒为零。用高阶交错网格有限差分方法对不同的声学VTI介质模型进行全波场模拟，同时计算V_s0取不同值时的群速度和相速度x、z分量。通过对比分析得出波现象：SV波在垂直方向传播时其极化方向是平行于P波传播方向的；由于邻近方向能量的聚集，在对称轴附近SV波的振幅会有较大的值；P波和SV波的群速度的值在某些方向上可以很接近甚至相等。     

蒸汽在水下有限空间内喷注时喷注噪声的声源分析

在实验研究的基础上，用计算流体力学软件(CFD)对与喷注噪声密切相关的压力场与温度场进行数值计算，定量分析了在不同温度时所对应的压力场与喷注噪声的关系。     

Acoustic Cocooning

ABSTRACT

Since the late 1990s, car manufacturers increasingly underline their cars' interior tranquility. Both this acoustic condition and the availability of car audio sets enable drivers to transform their car into a highly personal, controlled and relaxing sonic bubble.

Yet how could the car, once a noisy contraction, evolve into such a space for acoustic cocooning? This article studies the introduction of car radio and interior car sound design in Europe between the 1920s and the 1990s. The car radio's meaning shifted from an artifact that brought companionship to lonely drivers, to an instrument that helped drivers to mentally block out their fellows on the road. At the same time, listening to engine sounds changed from a drivers' skill to a practice drivers had to de-learn. Moreover, car sound construction shifted from reducing noise to creating target sounds for specific consumer groups.

This article employs three forms of cultural analysis to understand these shifts: an “archeology of corporate culturology,” the symbolism of sound, and Gerhard schulze's theory on the experience society. Finally, by analyzing the rise of acoustic cocooning in the car, it aims to contribute to the study of “techno-cocooning”: the use of technology for creating sensory privacy.     

随钻声波测井数据实时压缩算法

针对随钻测井信号低传输速率特性，结合随钻声波测井时数据量大的实际，研究了波列数据实时在线压缩算法。在分析随钻声波测井信号特征的基础上，建立了基线和波形相结合的分段压缩     

SAW振荡器的相位噪声分析

声表面波振荡器是一种典型的反馈振荡器。根据Ｌｅｅｓｏｎ反馈振荡器相位噪声模型，分析了ＳＡＷ振荡器的相位噪声特点，特别是不同的ＳＡＷ反馈元件，分析结果表明不同的ＳＡＷ反馈元件通常有不同的相位噪声特点。还讨论了降低相位噪声电平，提高振荡器的谱密度的方法和途径     

移频降噪理论在往复式冰箱压缩机噪声控制中的应用

通过模拟计算QD58型往复式冰箱压缩机的声学特性，指出压缩机噪声最大峰值与其内部气体共鸣音直接有关．运用移频降噪理论，改变压缩机内气体的声学固有频率，降低共鸣音．实测了空气介质下压缩机内腔安装隔板后的移频降噪数据．并用电一声类比法推导的压缩机内气体的声学固有频率对隔板各个几何参数的灵敏度公式，调整实际工作状态下隔板的几何参数，模拟计算了压缩机内部气体声学固有频率的变化．