Vaginal births after caesarean: What does Google think about it?

AimVaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is a relatively safe alternative to repeat caesarean birth in the proper context. This important decision to undergo an elective caesarean versus VBAC is ultimately a decision of the mother. The purpose of our study was to assess the quality of online information in relation to VBAC collected using the most common search engine: Google.MethodsThe 10 most common hit sites for the keywords “VBAC” and “Vaginal birth after caesarean” were evaluated using the search engine Google. The quality of websites was rated based on the Silberg scale for accountability, the modified Abbott's criteria for presentation and the SMOG index for readability. The content of each website was compared to the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) guidelines for VBAC.Findings13 out of 20 identified websites met the adequate criteria for accountability, with 85% of the websites indicating authorship. 11 websites were deemed aesthetically agreeable. The target audience, assessed by the readability score, was notably above the non-medical population with an average SMOG index score of 14.75. Only half of the websites contained recommendations, as detailed by the SOGC guidelines.ConclusionAlmost all sites target a higher academic level, making it beyond the comprehension of the general population. Woman friendly web-assessment tools should be provided to enable pregnant women to take an active role in their decision making.     

A New Methodology for Before–After Safety Assessment Using Survival Analysis and Longitudinal Data

The widely used empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) methods for before–after safety assessment are sometimes limited because of the extensive data needs from additional reference sites. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel before–after safety evaluation methodology based on survival analysis and longitudinal data as an alternative to the EB/FB method. A Bayesian survival analysis (SARE) model with a random effect term to address the unobserved heterogeneity across sites is developed. The proposed survival analysis method is validated through a simulation study before its application. Subsequently, the SARE model is developed in a case study to evaluate the safety effectiveness of a recent red‐light‐running photo enforcement program in New Jersey. As demonstrated in the simulation and the case study, the survival analysis can provide valid estimates using only data from treated sites, and thus its results will not be affected by the selection of defective or insufficient reference sites. In addition, the proposed approach can take into account the censored data generated due to the transition from the before period to the after period, which has not been previously explored in the literature. Using individual crashes as units of analysis, survival analysis can incorporate longitudinal covariates such as the traffic volume and weather variation, and thus can explicitly account for the potential temporal heterogeneity.     

与时俱进 应势而变——浅议入世后我国高等职业教育发展的趋势

入世以后,必将对我国高等职业教育提出新的要求。高等职业教育必须顺应时代发展的趋势,与时俱进、应势而变,才能与时代同步。本文遵循以下思路展开:入世以后,对我国高等职业教育的发展趋势作一些前瞻性的探讨,在此基础上提出应对的措施。有利于我国高等职业教育主动地适应新形势发展的要求。     

《文心雕龙·神思》创作要义新绎

刘勰《文心雕龙·神思》篇是一篇专论艺术构思与想象的著名论文。其“神与物游”说,实即形象地阐明了“心物交融”的过程,开启了形象思维理论的先声;而形象思维的结晶便是“意象”,即“人心营造之象”,作者要像“窥意象而运斤”的“独照之匠”那样,迅摄意象,运笔于纸。而意象的酝酿与定型,其必不可少的前提又“贵在虚静”。“虚静”是对创作之前的作者必须保持境静与心静的双重要求。     

第二次世界大战对世界格局产生的影响

第二次世界大战以雅尔塔体系为基础形成了以美苏两大国为首的世界政治格局,对战后世界政治、经济和国际关系产生了深刻影响。随着两极格局的终结,世界又朝着多极化趋势发展。     

新型蓄光性长余辉荧光陶瓷的研制

研究了基础釉的成分、蓄光粉的加入量、釉层厚度和烧成温度制度等因素对蓄光陶瓷发光性能的影响以及各种制品最佳工艺技术路线的确定.     

论京剧的雅化及其鼎盛

文章论述了京剧在 2 0世纪 30年代达到鼎盛阶段的内外部原因。在其内部原因上 ,作者以其研究古代文学史时所提出的“原生态式的把握方式”来观察这一段京剧史 ,从而对这一段京剧史的发展作了新的勾勒 :艺术块团之形成、相互间的争锋、浮沉以及名号形成的种种情况。在其外部原因上 ,论述了京剧是如何从回应“五四”新文化运动的批评以及如何从向话剧的学习中受益的。 30年代新文化界对于当时京剧的雅化是批判的 ,作者则对此取肯定态度。最后还说明了 ,当京剧出国演出时 ,它的许多曾受“五四”新文化运动批判的特点 ,却受到了国外艺术家的肯定 ,中国的京剧艺术家们也更加开拓了视野 :由此勾勒出京剧发展过程中的一个大的回旋     

日据至光复初期台湾博物馆管窥

日据至光复初期台湾的主要博物馆有4个,其中首推台湾总督博物馆,次为台中教育博物馆,台南教育博物馆,嘉义通俗博物馆。台湾总督博物馆,是台湾最早的博物馆,历史可追溯到1899年;1945年台湾光复,改称为台湾省博物馆。此外,当时台湾的部分院校和科研机构,亦设置有博物馆、植物园及小型的陈列馆或标本室。     

阶段的过渡与本质的上升——20世纪90年代至21世纪初国际社会发展本质特点的系统与实证分析

论述了冷战结束以来 ,国际社会在“一个主题”(和平与发展 )“两个趋势”(经济全球化、政治多极化 )的总特征前提下发生的一系列深刻的结构性变化。提出了旧的国际格局被打破、新的格局尚未形成 ,在新旧体系转换的过程中 ,不同的国际关系主体为了其各自的根本利益、为在未来的新格局中占据更加有利的地位而展开了新一轮的较量。在此过程中 ,国际社会呈现出过渡时期所特有的一系列纷繁复杂的特征 ,并进一步影响着国际形势的走势。我们应当立足于从形式到本质的认知途径对这些变化特征进行深刻的分析 ,以求准确地把握新时期国际社会发展的本质性特征和规律     

我国上市公司盈余管理行为的实证分析

我国证券市场存在较为严重的盈余管理现象.针对该现象,本文从盈余管理动机出发,分析我国上市公司盈余管理的行为特征.本文采用管理后盈余分布法,研究了我国上市公司2001年至2003年净资产收益率(ROE)的分布特征,发现我国上市公司仍然存在很强的盈余管理动机,而且我国上市公司盈余管理的行为受到政府监管的影响.最后,本文在实证研究的基础上提出了治理盈余管理的几点建议.