Transnational policy entrepreneurs and the cultivation of influence: individuals,organizations and their networks

ABSTRACT

The ‘policy entrepreneur’ concept arises from the Multiple Streams’ theory of agenda setting in Policy Studies. Through conceptual stretching’, the concept is extended to global policy dynamics. Unlike ‘advocacy networks’ and ‘norm entrepreneurs’, the discussion addresses the strategies of ‘insider’ or ‘near-governmental’ non-state actors. The analysis advances the policy entrepreneur concept in three directions. First, the discussion develops the transnational dimensions of this activity through a case study of International Crisis Group. Second, rather than focusing on charismatic individuals, the discussion emphasizes the importance of organizational resources and reputations for policy entrepreneurship and access into international policy communities. Organizations maintain momentum behind policy solutions and pressures for change over the long term when individuals retire or depart for other positions. Third, the discussion outlines four distinct entrepreneur strategies and techniques that both individuals and organizations cultivate and deploy to enhance their power and persuasion in global policy processes and politics.     

Shared service center research: A review of the past,present, and future

More than 75% of Fortune 500 companies have established models of shared services with the aim of gaining superior performance by cost savings and service enhancements. Despite scholars' complaints about scant shared service center (SSC) research, this study shows that the actual shortcoming in this stream concerns a high fragmentation of the academic literature (e.g., we found 137 works in the initial search and 83 works in a refined screen). In this first comprehensive literature review, we synthesize peer-reviewed articles and classify them into 4 perspectives according to their research questions (i.e., determinant, process, control, and outcome). We identify 17 major research areas across these perspectives. Additionally, we provide information on methodologies and theories. On the basis of the literature synthesis, we discuss opportunities and gaps and propose an agenda for future research. Specifically, we suggest 3 potential research directions (i.e., direct relationships, mediating, and outcome effects) regarding SSCs during their operational maturity phase.     

Attitudes toward poverty among exit students of undergraduate social work programs in eight Latin American countries

What is the attitude of Latin American undergraduate social work students toward poverty? An earlier study from Europe and other countries worldwide found that most graduating social work students who participated in the research were clear about the socio-structural causes of social problems such as poverty. Still, no data on this topic is available for Latin American countries. The aims of this study were: (1) to describe and to compare eight Latin American graduating undergraduate social work student groups regarding their attitudes toward poverty, as measured by two scales: Causes of poverty scale and Ways of dealing with poverty; and (2) to discuss some of the implications of the study for social work education and practice. Using a quantitative transnational-comparative design, a total sample of 525 nonrandomly selected, graduating undergraduate social work students from eight Latin American countries responded to a self-administered questionnaire. An individualistic attitude to understanding and to dealing with poverty emerged in the majority of the student groups. Multivariate procedures and inferential analyses demonstrated variations across the student groups. Implications for social work education and practice are discussed.     

危机公关中的议程设置与议题管理——以博士伦隐形眼镜护理液的产品质量危机为例

如何在危机时期展开良好的传播沟通活动是危机公关制胜的关键。文章立足于产品质量危机案例,采用内容分析法分析危机时期组织议题和公众议题之间的相关性。研究发现,危机时期组织议题对公众议题具有议程设置的作用,但组织议题与公众议题的角度并不完全一致;随着事态的发展,公众自发性地将有关政府监管的话题纳入议题。基于研究结果,一个新的危机传播模型得以产生:通过设置舆论焦点,相关组织可以进行议题管理,主动并有预见性地展开危机公关。     

文化视野下的大学英语课程设置构建

本文从大学英语文化教学的现状出发,基于课程设置的视角,提出设置的原则,针对性地构建了大学英语课程的框架。     

网络传播中“情绪对应”现象与效应分析——基于《今日头条》样本数据的实证挖掘

基于网络传播大数据的实证分析显示,“情绪对应”不仅是一种整体意义上的强效果论,而且还在相当大的程度上体现出鲜明的甚至可预测的作用关系。分别从标题情绪促发的评论情绪的概率矩阵、评论情绪回溯的标题情绪概率矩阵进行分析。实证考察的详细结果显示：各种情绪的帖子和评论在绝对比重和相对比重上,都显现出相同情绪之间的对应和对称。情绪在网络“意见”和“议程”等内容传播层面需突出其系统性涉及的本体地位,加强从“信息的内容”向“信息的形式”的延展,强调情绪形式及其关系中的主体间性和传受间性。     

主流媒体对政府议程的宣传报道研究--以近30年《人民日报》头版塑造的农民个体形象为例

中国农民作为社会发展的重要推动力量,一直备受社会和媒体关注。以1979年1月1日至2008年12月31日《人民日报》头版农民个体形象报道为样本,笔者发现改革开放30多年来,《人民日报》作为宣传和解读农村政策的主流媒体,对农民个体形象塑造的密度,与国家对农村进行议程设置的强度正相关;以正面宣传为主,对农民个体形象的塑造总体上看以爱国奉献、勤劳智慧两种形象最为突出,但波动幅度也相对较大;所用体裁以消息为主,将普通农民置于报道主体位置。同时,《人民日报》关于农民个体形象的塑造也存在不足,主要体现在：过于强调政治性;过于强调正面宣传,一定程度上忽视农民弱势形象的实际;报道大多涉及公共领域,忽略农民生活中的私人领域。笔者提出主流媒体报道农民形象,应坚持正面宣传和传播正能量为主,但必须紧密结合农民的思想实际和生活实际;应主动服务好政府议程,但必须尊重农民在中国社会各阶层中的实际地位和诉求;应宣传农民在改革进程中的重要作用,但必须遵循新闻规律,做到政治性与新闻性的统一。     

Driven by politics: agenda setting and policy-making in Hungary 2010–2014

Studies on media and politics generally find an effect of the media on the symbolic policy agenda. Analysing data from the Hungarian Comparative Agendas Project, we demonstrate that this effect is extremely weak in the Hungarian policy-making process. We identified those issues that received greater than average coverage in the media. However, we found that in the majority of cases governmental initiatives or decisions preceded the media coverage – that is, instead of the media agenda pulling the policy agenda, the general logic is the opposite: the media are talking about the policy initiatives of the government. The ambition of the paper is twofold. First, our findings reinforce those claims in the literature that point to the many institutional and political factors affecting the media-politics nexus. This suggests that policy-making might be very different in new(er) democracies. Second, our research analyses the policy-making side of Viktor Orbán’s governance. Changes in the polity, democratic backlash and illiberal tendencies are usually the focus concerning the political changes in Hungary since 2010, but no attention has been devoted to how this type of governance is reflected in policy-making. Our paper seeks to make a contribution also in this respect.     

关于《中图法》文化类类目设置问题的思考

"文化"是社会科学的重要组成部分,《中图法》文化类立类要贯彻以科学分类为基础的编制原则,其类目体系应在原来的框架结构基础上进行改造、调整和增设,以适应图书分类的实践需要。     

论立法提案

立法提案是指有立法提案权的机关、组织或人员按照法定的程序和方式向特定的立法机关提出的关于制定、修改、废止某项法律法规的动议。立法提案与立法机关的立法规划有密切的联系。立法提案进入立法议程要遵循一定的程序规定。我国立法提案制度还存在一些问题需要在实践中进一步完善。