关于苏联剧变若干重要问题的再思考

对于一个执政党来说,民心向背,决定兴亡,苏共的兴衰就是最好的证明。本文从苏共经济发展失策、忽视人民生活水平的提高、缺乏社会民主以及苏共的特权、腐败使其脱离了人民群众等方面考察苏共失去民心的原因和后果,以期对我们的社会主义建设提供有益借鉴。     

Work–life Balance: Is it Now a Problem for Management?

In Western Australia (WA) there is substantial interest by public sector management in work–life balance (WLB) as a strategy to address labour supply problems. This article considers whether the positioning of WLB as a problem for management provides the opportunity for change resulting in an improved quality of working life in the public sector. We report on the implementation of WLB policies in four WA public sector agencies and conclude that managers are ‘managing’ WLB in a limited way, and largely in an individualized manner, at a level that does not disrupt the usual way of organizing work and employment. For many managers, employees' requests to access WLB policies are perceived as being in conflict with operational goals. The findings highlight the inadequacy of much of the WLB discourse that obscures the tension between, on the one hand, the imperative for managers to implement WLB more effectively and, on the other, organizational practices and the broader social, political and economic context in which management and the organization are located.     

行为者中心限制与行为者中心特权——谢弗勒“混合理论”述评

谢弗勒是美国当代重要的伦理学家。为回应威廉斯对后果主义破坏人的完整性异议,他提出了行为者中心限制和行为者特权的“混合理论”。这一理论前半部分强调行为者受到道义论的限制,从而不可能为了后果最大化好而做后果主义所要求的事;后半部分则认为人们可以追求行动最大化好的后果,但并不应把后果主义的原则应用到一切行为之中,同时认为,行为者有自己的特权,即可以为了自己的利益追求放大M倍来为自己辩护。谢弗勒的“混合理论”两个方面都受到批评,其实是一种对后果主义的有益改进。     

论人力资本产权

人力资本和物质资本一样存在产权问题。忽略人力资本产权及有关问题是我们改革中存在的一个失误。人力资本产权是一个由所有权、经营权、收益权、发展权等一系列权利组成的产权束,所有权是其他一切权利的基础,经营权是核心,收益权是要害。