浅谈移情对儿童攻击性行为的影响

儿童的攻击性行为是儿童发展过程中表现出的一种不良社会性行为 ,对儿童攻击行为的控制与纠正一直是发展心理学研究的重要领域。移情作为儿童亲社会行为的重要促动因素 ,同时对攻击性行为具有较好的抑制作用。因此探讨利用移情减少攻击性以及培养提高儿童的移情能力对儿童的良性社会性发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

儿童攻击性行为研究

攻击性行为是儿童身上一种经常发生的不良行为,本文从儿童攻击性行为的特点出发,探讨国内外关于攻击性行为发生的理论假设,并对攻击性行为与家庭、学校、同伴群体之间的关系进行了简要论述,在此基础上提出了儿童攻击性行为的矫正方法和措施.     

Preschoolers' Attachment to Mother and Risk for Adjustment Problems in Kindergarten: Can Teachers Make a Difference?

Based on attachment theory, two aims were addressed. Firstly, we tested whether close teacher–child relationships may buffer children who are less securely attached to their mothers against negative outcomes, such as aggressive behavior. Secondly, our study evaluated whether teacher sensitivity may protect less securely attached children against forming less close relationships with their teachers. In a sample of 127 children, mother–child attachment was observed in preschool. In kindergarten, teacher sensitivity was observed, and teacher–child closeness and child aggressive behavior were rated by the teacher. Results of multilevel hierarchical regression analyses first showed that with high teacher–child closeness, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for more aggressive behavior. Secondly, it was found that with high teacher sensitivity, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for developing less close relationships with their teachers.     

Using Visual Interventions as a Component of Positive Behavioral Support for a Student with Aggressive Behaviors and Mental Retardation

Abstract

Aggressive behaviors are among the most ostracizing types of comportment observed across the educational spectrum. Aggressive behaviors may isolate the aggressor socially, academically, and educationally. The following study utilizes functional behavior assessment and single subject research methodology to assess and address aggressive behaviors in a student with a severe intellectual disability. Visual interventions were utilized as a component of a positive behavioral support system to reduce aggressive behaviors. Behavioral improvement was measured.     

中国抗战与世界反法西斯战争格局的形成

中国抗日战争建立了世界第一个反法西斯战场，也推动和促进了中国战场与苏联战场、太平洋战场相互支持格局的形成，从而加速了世界反法西斯战争的胜利。     

我国校园欺侮问题的现状与对策

欺侮是指强势个体对弱势个体持续施行的故意的攻击性行为。来自各国的研究资料表明,无论在东方还是在西方,穷国还是富国,校园欺侮都是一个比较严重的社会问题。目前,我国校园欺侮问题有四个显著的特点:一是欺侮现象的普遍性;二是欺侮后果的严重性;三是欺侮形式的多样性;四是欺侮事件的隐蔽性。参照国外经验并结合国内实际情况,笔者提出了包含社会水平、校园水平、班级水平和个体水平的反欺侮措施,以求实现无欺侮的、安全的校园环境。     

The Entry Behavior of Aggressive/Rejected Children: The Contributions of Status and Temperament

This study investigated the entry behavior and temperamental characteristics of aggressive/rejected and nonaggressive/popular kindergarten and first‐grade children. An analog entry situation was used to assess children's entry skills. Aggressive/rejected children had more difficulty than nonaggressive/popular children delivering their entry bids in a well‐timed manner and engaged in more disruptive entry strategies. They also tended to use more aggressive entry strategies after experiencing entry failure. The children's temperamental characteristics accounted for significant variance in their entry behavior. Temperamental fear made a positive contribution to children's use of socially appropriate entry strategies. The children's status and impulsiveness each explained unique variance in their use of disruptive entry strategies. Aggressive/rejected girls were more impulsive than other groups and tended to be less fearful.     

Social centrality and aggressive behavior in the elementary school: Gender segregation,social structure,and psychological factors

In this paper, we build on key findings in the sociological literature regarding different patterns of association between social centrality and overt aggressive behavior in the context of same‐and‐cross gender social interactions. We explore these associations in a population of urban elementary school students ( = 8.62, SD = 0.69, N = 848), while addressing claims that the role of psychological factors is overstated in this literature. Our results indicate that, on average, social centrality is positively associated with aggressive behavior for boys, but negatively for girls. We also find a moderating effect indicating that the proportion of male peers with whom participants are reported to hang around, as well as their own gender play a role in the association between social centrality and aggression. These findings are discussed in the context of an ecological perspective on human development in which interactions among individuals, their social groups, and key environments are viewed as central to shaping developmental pathways.     

破解中日关系"死结",实现历史性民族和解——关于中日关系早日走出低谷的若干思考

恪守<中日联合声明>等三个重要文件确定的原则和精神、唤醒全体日本国民走向觉醒并紧紧依靠其不懈斗争、解决中日历史观冲突这一主要矛盾、坚决捍卫国家统一和领土完整、加快祖国和平崛起进程等,是推动中日关系早日走出低谷的五个因素;而加快中日关系研究"工程"立项、拓宽对日宣传途径和加大对日宣传力度、重新重视和实施"国民外交"路线、开展"全方位、等距离"外交和克服对日外交"新思维"的影响、提防国人"狭隘民族主义 "的滋长和确保国内政治稳定等,则是当下中方推动中日关系走出低谷应集中做好的五项具体工作.     

生态学视角下留守儿童攻击性行为的影响因素及干预策略

留守儿童作为一个特殊社会群体，备受关注。文章从生态发展理论视角出发，层层分析留守儿童攻击性行为的影响因素主要有微观系统的个人气质、家庭教育、学校同伴关系；中间系统的家校间联系；外在系统的媒体网络环境及宏观系统的传统文化意识等。鉴于此，可以从家庭教育主导、学校教育配合、完善社会系统等层面进行干预，同时，注意其他系统的连接和综合作用，尽量将潜在问题化解在根源上。