现代汉语“追累”句式的生成研究述评

"追累"是现代汉语中一种典型的多歧义动结式,有主语指向、宾语指向和施受颠倒三种解读,是汉语研究中的一个热点问题。近二十年来,"追累"句式的生成研究取得了丰硕的成果,但在复合词"追累"的生成方式上仍然存在较大争议。本文以这些争议为线索,对词汇生成论、词汇句法生成论和句法生成论等几种论点进行了评析,最后总结了相关研究所取得的成果并指出了今后有待进一步深入研究的几个问题。     

言语交际中的蓄意歧义现象及其解读

蓄意歧义是一种独特的语言艺术，为语言研究提供了新的语料，它体现了语音、词汇、语法、语用等规则。通过分析言语交际过程中产生的蓄意歧义现象及其制造的不同效果，可以促进语言使用者更好地了解整个语言体系，以及包含语用学、词汇学、语音学和语法在内的语言体系分支之间的关系。     

功能语境视域的《论语》歧义句语内翻译模式研究

语内翻译是典籍翻译过程中一个重要步骤,其对典籍歧义句的处理直接影响最终的翻译质量。在功能语境理论框架内,采用宏观功能语境分析和自下而上的具体分析相结合的方法,以《论语·学而篇》第8章“学则不固”的“固”字为例,对《论语》歧义句语内翻译进行研究,探讨可操作的翻译模式。研究发现在歧义句语内翻译过程中进行语境还原,有助消除词汇歧义;研究认为“学则不固”的“固”字应作“固陋”解译。      

论得被害人承诺

得被害人承诺的行为是否阻却违法是一个备受争议的问题,法学界的通说是有条件的接收得被害人承诺的行为阻却违法,其适用范围应该仅限于被害人有权处理的私法益。其阻却违法的要件应该是,有承诺能力的承诺权人以明示或默示的方式,在侵害行为发生之前,任意性地表达对特定侵害结果的承诺,同时,还要求侵害人对承诺有明确认识。     

艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性

本文论述了艾米莉·狄金森诗歌的语义含糊性的社会生活、思想感情和个人事业方面的基础,继而探讨了由此而迫使她去寻求如何在诗中隐藏、掩饰她的感情和思想,如何把它们包含在她的词汇和句法之中.因此语言成了狄金森思想感情的密码、符号和面具.诗歌语义的含糊性实际上是狄金森一种自觉的策略.正是这种含糊性,读者才得以在广袤的想象空间驰骋.     

Classification with minimum ambiguity under distribution heterogeneity

The traditional classification is based on the assumption that distribution of indicator variable X in one class is homogeneous. However, when data in one class comes from heterogeneous distribution, the likelihood ratio of two classes is not unique. In this paper, we construct the classification via an ambiguity criterion for the case of distribution heterogeneity of X in a single class. The separated historical data in each situation are used to estimate the thresholds respectively. The final boundary is chosen as the maximum and minimum thresholds from all situations. Our approach obtains the minimum ambiguity with a high classification accuracy allowing for a precise decision. In addition, nonparametric estimation of the classification region and theoretical properties are derived. Simulation study and real data analysis are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.     

汉语歧义现象分析

汉语里的歧义现象种类繁多,常常在言语交际过程中影响正确的表达,并引起误会。本文从不同角度分析了歧义现象产生的原因,以及消除歧义的方法,全面深入地了解歧义现象,并且能够进行分化,将有助于我们正确运用祖国的语言,对提高语言的表达及写作能力大有裨益。     

Note passing as gendered practices of public ambiguity in a hyper‐masculine organization

This article explores a surprising and seemingly mundane organizational practice: passing notes during professional meetings. Based on 34 in‐depth interviews with women in a hyper‐masculine organization — the Israeli military — this study focuses on what I term gendered practices of public ambiguity. It demonstrates how these practices shed light on three interrelated paths to power at work: (i) practices of public intimacy between men; (ii) practices of women's degradation by men; and (iii) practices of recognition claims by women. The tension between the publicity inherent in the routine passing of notes and the ambiguity of their contents calls for a more nuanced theorization of gendered power practices, which transcends the accepted dichotomy of doing and undoing gender, reproducing or challenging the symbolic gender order. The findings show that gendered micro‐practices can become polysemic symbolic spaces in which women redirect the flow of power, if only temporarily and locally, and turn it into a multidirectional and multi‐agentic resource. The conceptual contribution of these findings is discussed in terms of the positioning of women in hyper‐masculine environments as pragmatic subjects who (re‐)construct mechanisms of power out of the restricted repertoire available to them.     

The red and the black: China’s social credit experiment as a total test environment

China's social credit system is an unusually explicit case where technology is used by multiple actors to turn human behavior into a test object on behalf of the state's goal of modifying the larger social environment, making it an intriguing setting for thinking about the new sociology of testing. This article considers how China's search for a usable “credit” score to both allocate financial resources and explicitly measure a citizen's trustworthiness creates an emergent experimental system of governance similar to, yet not quite captured by, the kinds of experimental processes observed in literature on the platform as a form of market-based governance. As a site where “seeing like a state” and “seeing like a market” converge, the social credit system is a vantage point for observing the changing relationship between moral and economic domains in an era of digital platforms. The article highlights the experimental quality of the system and its emerging system of governance structured around reward and punishment and argues that strategic ambiguity, institutionalized through the affordances of digital platforms, is an important part of the design of this large-scale social experiment.     

Decision model for product rollover in manufacturing operations

The purpose of this study is to investigate critical decisions when planning for product rollover at a manufacturing company, and how to organise these decisions. A literature review and a case study are used to develop a decision model. The findings indicate that product rollover can be organised in a five-phase decision model. The research quality is strengthened by a structured literature review, but it can be argued that more empirical research is needed for validation. For researchers, this paper contributes with the identification of critical decisions and a model for product rollover. For practitioners, the study highlights the need to acknowledge the importance of product rollover and its role as a competitive weapon. In earlier studies, product rollover has mainly been investigated from a market perspective, so that this study contributes by investigating the issue from a manufacturing perspective.