400米跑的训练及运动能力的评定

运用文献资料法 ,阐述了 4 0 0m跑的供能特点、训练方法及运动能力的评定 ,旨在为 4 0 0m跑的训练实践提供些理论依据     

饥饿和再投喂对草鱼鱼种糖代谢的影响

分析了草鱼鱼种在饥饿和再投喂下血糖浓度和红肌、白肌和肝脏糖原含量的变化 .结果显示 ,饥饿状态下 ,草鱼鱼种肝糖原含量的下降快于血糖浓度的下降 ,饥饿 3d后肝糖原含量显著低于对照组 ,饥饿 15d血糖浓度显著降低 ,提示草鱼鱼种在饥饿状态下通过分解肝糖原维持血糖浓度 ;再投喂后 ,血糖浓度、肝糖原含量恢复正常 ,但均低于对照组 .饥饿使红肌糖原含量降低 ,并先于白肌糖原含量下降 ,饥饿 1d红肌糖原含量显著低于对照组 ,饥饿 7d白肌糖原含量显著下降 .再投喂 2 1d红肌糖原含量恢复正常 ,再投喂 7d白肌糖原含量恢复正常 .说明饥饿状态下糖原含量变化越快 ,再投喂后恢复就越慢     

马克思恩格斯生态思想及创新性发展

人化自然作为人的无机身体是人类社会存在的前提,人与自然和谐统一是生态文明的核心;资本主义生产方式造成人与自然、人与人之间新陈代谢关系断裂是资本主义生态危机的主要原因;消灭私有制、建立自由人联合体的共产主义是解决生态危机的最终出路.马克思恩格斯生态思想是当代中国生态文明建设的理论基础和价值准则.以习近平总书记为核心的党中央继承和发展了马克思恩格斯生态思想,提出"生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰"的生态文明观;"绿水青山就是金山银山"的生态发展观以及"构建人类命运共同体"的生态价值观,是对马克思恩格斯生态思想的创新与发展.     

The Transport System and Society’s Metabolism in the UK

This paper analyses the interrelation between the transport system and measures of resource consumption such as material and energy consumption over a 60-year period (1937–1997) in the UK. Non-motorized transport and time consumption for mobility are estimated in addition to conventional measures of transport. During the period analyzed, the UK population grew by 20% while transport of goods and persons increased more than threefold and material and energy consumption almost doubled. The transport intensity of domestic material input (DMI) doubled to 300 ton-kilometers (tkm) per ton of DMI while the transport intensity of domestic energy consumption (DEC) doubled to 20 tkm per gigajoule (GJ) of DEC. Thus, while the material and energy intensity of GDP declined significantly, a well-established trend in many advanced countries, the transport intensity of materials and energy consumption rose. These findings suggest a close link between transport, economic development, and long-term structural transformations. In the case of personal transport, a rebound effect was also observed: whereas the average speed of transport has greatly increased, the average number of hours per day devoted to personal transport has not declined.     

无氧阈的测定及其在运动训练中的应用

归纳了无氧阈测定方法,讨论了各种测定方法的优劣,在综合前人研究成果的基础上认为,无氧阈速度对耐力运动成绩起决定性作用。应采用严格设计条件下测定的"个体无氧阈",评价和指导体育运动及训练。     

小动物能量代谢测定的简易方法

本文介绍了小哺乳动物能量代谢测定的简易方法，并对影响测定结果的有关因素进行了综合讨论     

On concurrence of several linear regressions and applications to problems of enzyme kinetics

In comparing several regressions E(y_ij) =α_i + β_ix_ij i = 1, 2, ..., k, j = 1,2, ..., n_i, researchers are generally interested in the following five problems: whether they have (1) equal slope, (2) equal intercept, (3) coincidence, (4) common intersection on X-axis, and (5) common intersection on (X,Y) - plane. Problems (1) - (3) can be put into the framework of the general linear hypothesis and the F-test can be used. However, problems (4) and (5) cannot be put into the general linear hypothesis because they are ratios of parameters. Hence, in this paper we consider the generalized likelihood ratio test for hypothesis testing. An application to an enzyme kinetics problem in Aniline Metabolism is demonstrated     

An Adjustment Factor for Mode-of-Action Uncertainty with Dual-Mode Carcinogens: The Case of Naphthalene-Induced Nasal Tumors in Rats

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines for cancer risk assessment recognize that some chemical carcinogens may have a site-specific mode of action (MOA) involving mutation and cell-killing-induced hyperplasia. The guidelines recommend that for such dual MOA (DMOA) carcinogens, judgment should be used to compare and assess results using separate "linear" (genotoxic) versus "nonlinear" (nongenotoxic) approaches to low-level risk extrapolation. Because the guidelines allow this only when evidence supports reliable risk extrapolation using a validated mechanistic model, they effectively prevent addressing MOA uncertainty when data do not fully validate such a model but otherwise clearly support a DMOA. An adjustment-factor approach is proposed to address this gap, analogous to reference-dose procedures used for classic toxicity endpoints. By this method, even when a "nonlinear" toxicokinetic model cannot be fully validated, the effect of DMOA uncertainty on low-dose risk can be addressed. Application of the proposed approach was illustrated for the case of risk extrapolation from bioassay data on rat nasal tumors induced by chronic lifetime exposure to naphthalene. Bioassay data, toxicokinetic data, and pharmacokinetic analyses were determined to indicate that naphthalene is almost certainly a DMOA carcinogen. Plausibility bounds on rat-tumor-type-specific DMOA-related uncertainty were obtained using a mechanistic two-stage cancer risk model adapted to reflect the empirical link between genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the most potent identified genotoxic naphthalene metabolites, 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinone. Bound-specific adjustment factors were then used to reduce naphthalene risk estimated by linear extrapolation (under the default genotoxic MOA assumption), to account for the DMOA exhibited by this compound.     

流态研究推动下的高效厌氧生物反应器的发展

近年来以膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器、内循环厌氧反应器等为代表的第三代高效厌氧反应器以其独特的技术优势在各种废水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。从反应器内流动状态研究的角度，分析并总结了几种典型的高效厌氧反应器的流态特征，探讨及回顾了当代高效厌氧反应器设计思路及其发展历史，指出高效厌氧反应器的流态研究成为进行新型厌氧反应器开发与应用的理论基础与研究重点之一。     

The energy and mass balance of Los Angeles County

We conducted an urban “metabolic” study of inputs and outputs of food, water, energy, and pollutants from Los Angeles County, USA. This region has been the subject of recent debate about the nature of population density and distribution as it relates to urban form and associated environmental impacts. We found that with the exception of food imports and wastewater outputs, inputs of resources and outputs of pollutants generally declined on a per capita basis from 1990 to 2000. Reductions likely reflected a combination of changes in public policy, improvements in technology and public infrastructure, and impacts of increases in population density. However, in comparison to other municipalities and urban regions, resource consumption per capita was still relatively high in some categories, particularly inputs of water and transportation energy. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions were lower in Los Angeles County than for the average of the USA as a whole but higher than previous analyses of urban areas internationally, largely due to comparatively high emissions from the transportation sector. Wastewater discharge accounted for less than 40% of water inputs excluding precipitation; however the partitioning of water outputs through other potential losses, specifically evapotranspiration, runoff, and groundwater recharge, remains highly uncertain. We suggest that more detailed information about water losses will greatly improve future mass and energy accounting for analyses of urban environmental sustainability in this semi-arid region.