四级写作低分段评分样本的功能分析

为了客观、系统地研究大学英语四级低分段写作的基本语法和文体特点 ,有必要从系统功能语法的角度对评分样本进行统计分析。系统功能语法比传统语法具有诸多的优越性 ,能够全面细致地对语言现象进行分析。对评分样本的分析 ,有助于客观地研究克服经验主义倾向     

商业银行董事会治理的独立有效性研究

根据经济合作与发展组织、巴塞尔银行监管委员会和中国银行业监督管理委员会等组织关于公司治理的相关原则、指引和法律规定,对商业银行董事会的独立有效性进行了综合分析,得出商业银行董事会的独立有效性主要体现在独立董事的独立性,职能委员会的独立性以及独立董事占董事会成员的比例3个方面以及规范的独立董事、职能委员会的产生机制和明确的独立董事、职能委员会的责权利制度是确保商业银行董事会独立有效性基础的结论,并提出中国商业银行董事会的适度规模为11人,其中独立董事占董事会成员的合适比例为50％以上的建议。     

Backfitting Random Varying-Coefficient Models with Time-Dependent Smoothing Covariates

Abstract.  In this paper, we propose a random varying-coefficient model for longitudinal data. This model is different from the standard varying-coefficient model in the sense that the time-varying coefficients are assumed to be subject-specific, and can be considered as realizations of stochastic processes. This modelling strategy allows us to employ powerful mixed-effects modelling techniques to efficiently incorporate the within-subject and between-subject variations in the estimators of time-varying coefficients. Thus, the subject-specific feature of longitudinal data is effectively considered in the proposed model. A backfitting algorithm is proposed to estimate the coefficient functions. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimation methods are more efficient in finite-sample performance compared with the standard local least squares method. An application to an AIDS clinical study is presented to illustrate the proposed methodologies.     

LENGTH-BIASING, CHARACTERIZATIONS OF LAWS AND THE MOMENT PROBLEM

A positive random variable X with a finite mean has an induced length-biased law represented by Y, and Y is stochastically larger than X. An independent uniform random contraction of Y, UY, has the same law as X if and only if the latter is exponential. This property is extended to non-uniform contractions and a more general notion of length-biasing. The distributional equality of X and W leads to a functional equation for the moment function of X, which has either Infinitely many solutions or none. When U is constant, X can have a log-normal law, but it can also have laws with the same moment sequence as this log-nod law. The case where U has a certain beta, or generalized beta, law give t3 characterizations of generalized gamma laws, or to products of independent copies of them. This occurs even when these laws are not determined by their moment sequences.     

音系层、词汇语法层与语义层三位一体的英语教学

韩礼德的系统功能语法直接和间接地激发了许多新的教学理论和方法的产生。英语教学中应尝试把该语法的六个核心思想之一的“层次的思想”与英语词汇教学联系起来,通过音系层、词汇语法层和语义层三位一体的英语教学法提高学生的英语综合知识和技能。     

基于互信息的功能磁共振图像配准

互信息作为衡量两幅图像配准的相似性测度函数,当两幅图像配准时,互信息达到最大值。该文提出了基于互信息脑功能磁共振图像配准新方法,采用了无需计算梯度的Powell直接搜索算法,并通过多分辨的方式加快了图像配准速度。磁共振的配准实验证明,互信息法能准确地实现多模态医学图像的配准,并且能达到亚像素的精度。     

植物功能基因组学手段

综述了近几年发展起来的几种植物功能基因组学手段，对这些方法的优缺点作了比较．并讨论了植物功能基因组学的发展前景。     

政府法令与民间惯行:以国民政府颁行"年利20%"为中心

南京国民政府实行年利率不得超过 2 0 %的法令 ,但这一法令仅在个别地区有些微作用 ,总体来说始终处于“表达”层面 ,而无“实践”意义 ,乡村借贷在很大程度上仍受着传统惯行而非国家法律的支配 ,高利贷横行的格局一直未曾根本改变。也就是说 ,在离开高利贷农村社会经济就无法运转的历史条件下 ,仅靠一纸行政命令是不可能消灭高利贷的 ,在现代农村金融建立和健全以前 ,高利贷仍有生存和发展的空间 ,甚至与现代农村金融是相辅相成的     

制度如何引导人──对不年检公司执照被吊销问题的法经济学分析

公司因违法行为而被吊销营业执照和因不参加年检而被吊销营业执照有着相当的差异,目前的制度对后者采取了一种想当然的、过于简单化的处理方式,它没有实质性地、有效地改变相关主体的利益结构。因此应该进行制度变革,降低公司注销成本,提高公司被吊销的代价,使制度能够有效引导人的行为,从而以最低代价实现其应有的规范功能。     

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.