Teacher Careers and Inhabited Institutions: Sense‐Making and Arsenals of Teaching Practice in Educational Institutions

This article advances emerging scholarship that emphasizes the benefits to new institutional theories of organizational functioning offered by empirical research rooted in the tradition of symbolic interactionism. I present evidence from in‐depth interviews with teachers from three high schools to show how individuals' perspectives about pursuing institutional goals are filtered through their accumulated experience working within those institutions. Findings show teachers develop what I call “arsenals of teaching practice” as they accumulate work experience, and this process creates a key source of difference by career stage among teachers that shapes their instructional decisions. I discuss implications for understanding the relationship between policy and practice, and extend existing theory of inhabited institutions by identifying a key way that people's sense‐making through experience drives institutional functioning.     

从尹湾汉简武库集簿看西汉的武备建设

尹湾汉简的《永始四年武库兵车器集簿》所记载的兵车器数量庞大,种类齐全。弩是汉代技术最先进、用量最大的主力武器。西汉在长安和洛阳、北边郡、内郡都建有储存军事装备的武库,直属中央管辖。集薄所记武库是西汉政府建在内郡的直属中央的国家武库。武库有充足的经济保障。西汉对中央和地方武库的严格掌控,是强化中央集权的表现。