刑事违法观与犯罪构成关系论

按照主观违法论而加以建构的传统犯罪构成理论有别于按客观违法论建构的大陆法系犯罪论体系,两者有着不同的研究进路和研究方法。主观违法论强调有责之违法,行为人的主观罪过、客观的危害行为、刑事责任能力都是违法的构成要素,这种因人而异的违法观不能很好地为司法实践提供理论根据。从主观违法论立场出发,我们不可能从构成要件其中一个方面单独地判断违法性是否存在,传统犯罪构成理论将犯罪构成要件定位于反映行为社会危害性的事实特征,因此,犯罪构成只反映定罪结论,不反映定罪过程。     

用谦抑性原则检讨我国刑法对教唆未遂的处罚规定

刑法谦抑性原则的要义就是缩小刑事处罚的范围和减轻刑事处罚的程度。我国刑法第 2 9条第 2款规定 :“如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪 ,对于教唆犯 ,可以从轻或减轻处罚。”这表明我国刑法对教唆未遂采必罚主义 ,这种做法有违谦抑性原则 ,且不具有可操作性。因此 ,该条款应修改为 :“如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪 ,如果此罪的法定最低刑为三年以上有期徒刑 ,对于教唆犯 ,可以比照所教唆之罪从轻、减轻或免除处罚。     

“A rape was reported”: construction of crime in a university newspaper

Historically, the news media have engaged in high rates victim blaming in their reporting of sexual assaults. However, in recent years, gains in civil rights and renewed attention to Title IX may mean sexual assault victims are receiving less-biased news coverage. Using a content analysis, we examined the tone and message of all crime stories published in one United States university newspaper from academic year 2015–2016 (n = 99). Comparing attributions of responsibility made to both victims and offenders across several major crime categories (rape, murder, sexual assault, robbery, physical assault, sexual misconduct, and sexual abuse), and consistent with historical trends, we found higher levels of victim blaming in stories on rape and sexual assault than any other crime. We identify rhetorical devices commonly used to discredit the victim and/or absolve the perpetrator. Despite perceived gains achieved by Title IX, news coverage continues to buttress victim blaming culture.     

Teachers’ Knowledge and Beliefs About Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse is one of the main types of abuse still to be addressed within the field of education, yet the education system itself can serve as a primary tool for its prevention. A better understanding of teachers’ knowledge and beliefs about child sexual abuse will allow us to establish key starting points from which to utilize the system for prevention. Four hundred and fifty teachers participated in this study, completing a questionnaire regarding their knowledge and beliefs about child sexual abuse. The study revealed that over half the teachers, 65.3% (n = 294), had never received any type of training in child sexual abuse education and that the majority were not familiar with methods of identifying child sexual abuse, 90.7% (n = 279). Various mistaken beliefs were identified among the participating teachers, such as pathological profiles of abusers, that the vast majority of child sexual abuse implies violent behavior, and that there cannot be abusers the same age as the victim. These results indicate that knowledge deficiencies do exist about child sexual abuse among teachers and highlight the need for training in this field.     

危险犯既遂后主动排除危险状态行为的定性

危险犯既遂后主动排除危险状态行为的定性问题是刑法学的一个重要的理论与实践问题,为此学者们进行了不断的探讨。理论上存在危险犯既遂说、危险犯中止说以及实害犯中止说三种观点。本文在评析这些观点的基础上,赞同实害犯中止说。     

从“过错”视角修正一般侵权责任的构成要件

一般侵权责任构成要件之间存在着重复评价的现象。而以责任归责基础"过错"为核心,认真界定侵权责任一般构成要件的性质,理清各个构成要件之间的关系,对于完善我国侵权责任构成论有着重要意义。文章在坚持"过错"吸收"不法性"的同时,指出"损害"的"侵害明示的权益"性质也可被"过错"所吸收;通过界定"相当因果关系"与"过错"之间的关系,最终得出"过错"亦可吸收"相当因果关系"的结论,并在此基础上,论证了"规范目的说"在解释行为与损害之间因果关系方面的巨大优势。     

Mental Health Implications of Same-Sex Marriage

SUMMARY

Marriage is a mental health protective factor and homosexuality is sometimes a risk factor. The combined effect of these factors on mental health was examined in this study. We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, cross-sectional survey completed in 2000 (N = 7,616). We examined risks of suicide ideations and attempts, behavioral problems, and treatment histories for male and female participants from Canada and the United States. We found significant relations between sexual orientation and suicidality in all four gender-country groups. We found significant associations between relationship status and suicidality for men but not women in both countries. Behavioral problems and treatment histories were equivocal. We discuss the mental health implications of these findings for same-sex marriage.     

略论刑法中危险的几种分类

危险的分类作为刑法中危险这一理论课题的基本问题,历来备受关注,学界对此多有探讨,形成了很多观点学况。本文首先探讨了“行为人的危险与行为的危险”,指出应当在“行为的危险”的框架之下研究危险问题,以保证刑法的客观主义色彩。接下来文章介绍了“具体危险犯的危险与抽象危险犯的危险”,在对这一分类做了全面探讨之后,提出了“规范性的危险和理论推定的危险”这一新的分类。     

现代足球比赛中攻守辩证关系思考

进攻与防守是现代足球比赛中的一个重要议题,应从辩证法的角度结合,分析和处理攻守这一对矛盾,从而提高比赛的水平与层次。     

中国古代共同犯罪的发展历史

共同犯罪因其危害性极大而受到历代立法的关注.它经过萌芽阶段(原始社会末期-秦)、形成阶段(秦-三国)和发展阶段(两晋南北朝-隋),到唐代其理论发展趋于成熟,明、清时期逐步充实完善.